Choice Overload and the Long Tail: Consideration Sets and Purchases in Online Platforms

Diego Aparicio (), Drazen Prelec () and Weiming Zhu ()
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Diego Aparicio: IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Barcelona, 08034 Catalonia, Spain
Drazen Prelec: Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
Weiming Zhu: Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong

Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2025, vol. 27, issue 2, 496-515

Abstract: Problem definition : This paper examines frictions in the shopping funnel using empirical clickstream data from an online travel platform. We analyze (a) customers’ heterogeneous search and purchase behaviors and (b) their reactions to changes in assortment size. We then develop a consider-then-choose model to generalize our findings. Methodology/results : We characterize the online customer journey as a two-stage consider-then-choose framework. In the consider stage, we analyze the consideration set formation and show that heterogeneity—familiarity with the assortment—amplifies the number of options; in the purchase stage, it drives preferences for niche versus popular choices. A real-world high-stakes field experiment reveals that shrinking the menu produces mixed results: highlighting the market for the long-tail for some customers and reflecting choice overload for others. Finally, we build a psychologically rich consider-then-choose model with (a) heterogeneous preferences for product features and (b) heterogeneous search costs moderated by search fatigue, theoretically characterizing the impact on consideration sets and conversion rates. Managerial implications : Identifying frictions in the shopping funnel is critical for online platforms, especially when pain points hurt click-through or conversion rates. Which options matter to which users? What is the right assortment size? Although online platforms can offer virtually unlimited assortments, managers may assume frictionless environments—which is not always the case. Our findings offer insights into improving the customer journey by considering heterogeneous preferences and boundedly rational heuristics.

Keywords: OM-marketing interface; empirical research; consumer behavior; experiments (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:inm:ormsom:v:27:y:2025:i:2:p:496-515

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