Gradient Methods for Constrained Maxima

Kenneth Arrow and Leonid Hurwicz
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Leonid Hurwicz: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California

Operations Research, 1957, vol. 5, issue 2, 258-265

Abstract: This paper deals with the application of certain computational methods to evaluate constrained extrema, maxima or minima. To introduce the subject, we will first discuss nonlinear games. Under certain conditions, the finding of the minimax of a certain expression is closely related to, in fact identical with, the finding of a constrained minimum or maximum. Let us consider then a game (in a generalized sense) where player 1 has the choice of a certain set of numbers x 1 , ..., x m that are constrained to be nonnegative for present purposes and player 2 selects numbers y 1 , ..., y n also constrained to be nonnegative but otherwise unrestricted. The payoff of the game, the payment made by player 2 to player 1, will be a function of the decisions made by the two players, the x 's and the y 's. This payoff will be designated by (phi)( x 1 , ..., x m , y 1 , ..., y n ). To play the game in an ideal way is to find the minimax solution, we know this solution exists under certain conditions. That is, we arrive at a choice of strategies by the two players where player 1 is maximizing his payoff given the strategy of player 2, and player 2 is minimizing the payoff, given the strategy of player 1.

Date: 1957
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