To Share or Not to Share? Professional Norms, Reference Groups, and Information Withholding Among Life Scientists

Martine R. Haas () and Sangchan Park ()
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Martine R. Haas: The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Sangchan Park: NUS Business School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119245

Organization Science, 2010, vol. 21, issue 4, 873-891

Abstract: Why do scientists withhold information from colleagues, violating the professional norm of sharing? Norm violations are usually attributed to individual interests that lead scientists to reject professional norms. In contrast, we take the view that norm violations can occur when professional norms are valued but it is difficult to ascertain the appropriate course of professional conduct. This view suggests that scientists may look to cues from their professional reference groups to resolve sociological ambivalence arising from conflicting role expectations. We analyze a data set of 1,251 geneticists and other life scientists from 100 U.S. universities and find that beyond individual-level explanations, information withholding is influenced by the behaviors of peers as well as the attitudes of superiors in the profession. We discuss the implications for the professions literature, theories of organizational learning, and knowledge management initiatives in firms.

Keywords: information sharing/withholding; knowledge transfer; reference groups; professions; science (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (24)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:inm:ororsc:v:21:y:2010:i:4:p:873-891

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