A multi-country, multi-sector replication challenge to the validity of the cultural tightness-looseness measure

Len J. Treviño (), Carolyn P. Egri (), David A. Ralston (), Irina Naoumova (), Olivier Furrer (), Yongjuan Li (), Fidel León Darder () and María Teresa Garza Carranza ()
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Len J. Treviño: Florida Atlantic University
Carolyn P. Egri: Simon Fraser University
David A. Ralston: University Fellows International Research Consortium
Irina Naoumova: University of Hartford
Olivier Furrer: University of Fribourg
Yongjuan Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fidel León Darder: University of Valencia
María Teresa Garza Carranza: Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya

Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2021, vol. 38, issue 2, No 13, 735-764

Abstract: Abstract In this study, we assess the internal and external validity of Gelfand et al.’s (2011) recently developed measure of cultural tightness-looseness (CTL). Our study is composed of six countries (China, Mexico, Netherlands Russia, Spain, U.S.) with three subsamples (business professionals, K-12 teachers, college students) per country. For these 18 subsamples, confirmatory factor analyses failed to support the unidimensional structure of the 6-item CTL measure. Exploratory factor analyses provided further evidence that the 6-item CTL measure does not have a unidimensional structure across cultures. Additionally, inter-rater agreement analyses did not support the use of aggregated scores to construct country-level scores for the CTL index. We also found that country rankings of CTL scores (in total and for subsamples) were substantively different from those reported by Gelfand et al. (2011). Further country-level correlation analyses yielded mixed support for the external validity of the CTL scores. We conclude with a commentary on the implications of our study for cross-cultural research.

Keywords: Cultural tightness-looseness measure; Validation study; Measurement issues; Cross-cultural research (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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DOI: 10.1007/s10490-019-09682-0

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