Air Pollution Exposure and Covid-19 in Dutch Municipalities

Matthew Cole, Ceren Ozgen and Eric Strobl ()

Environmental & Resource Economics, 2020, vol. 76, issue 4, No 5, 610 pages

Abstract: Abstract In light of the existing preliminary evidence of a link between Covid-19 and poor air quality, which is largely based upon correlations, we estimate the relationship between long term air pollution exposure and Covid-19 in 355 municipalities in the Netherlands. Using detailed data we find compelling evidence of a positive relationship between air pollution, and particularly $$PM_{2.5}$$ P M 2.5 concentrations, and Covid-19 cases, hospital admissions and deaths. This relationship persists even after controlling for a wide range of explanatory variables. Our results indicate that, other things being equal, a municipality with 1 μg/m3 more $$PM_{2.5}$$ P M 2.5 concentrations will have 9.4 more Covid-19 cases, 3.0 more hospital admissions, and 2.3 more deaths. This relationship between Covid-19 and air pollution withstands a number of sensitivity and robustness exercises including instrumenting pollution to mitigate potential endogeneity in the measurement of pollution and modelling spatial spillovers using spatial econometric techniques.

Keywords: Covid-19; Air pollution; Netherlands; Spatial spillovers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I21 I23 Q53 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (13)

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DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00491-4

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