Tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment under uncertainty

Rachel Cassidy and Charles Manski
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Rachel Cassidy: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, WC1E 7AE, United Kingdom

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019, vol. 116, issue 46, 22990-22997

Abstract: In 2017, 1.6 million people worldwide died from tuberculosis (TB). A new TB diagnostic test—Xpert MTB/RIF from Cepheid—was endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2010. Trials demonstrated that Xpert is faster and has greater sensitivity and specificity than smear microscopy—the most common sputum-based diagnostic test. However, subsequent trials found no impact of introducing Xpert on morbidity and mortality. We present a decision-theoretic model of how a clinician might decide whether to order Xpert or other tests for TB, and whether to treat a patient, with or without test results. Our first result characterizes the conditions under which it is optimal to perform empirical treatment; that is, treatment without diagnostic testing. We then examine the implications for decision making of partial knowledge of TB prevalence or test accuracy. This partial knowledge generates ambiguity, also known as deep uncertainty, about the best testing and treatment policy. In the presence of such ambiguity, we show the usefulness of diversification of testing and treatment.

Keywords: public health; medical decision making; decision under ambiguity; tuberculosis; diagnosis and treatment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nas:journl:v:116:y:2019:p:22990-22997

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