Momentum creation by vortices in superfluid 3He as a model of primordial baryogenesis

T. D. C. Bevan, A. J. Manninen, J. B. Cook, J. R. Hook, H. E. Hall, T. Vachaspati and G. E. Volovik
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T. D. C. Bevan: University of Manchester
A. J. Manninen: University of Manchester
J. B. Cook: University of Manchester
J. R. Hook: University of Manchester
H. E. Hall: University of Manchester
T. Vachaspati: Case Western Reserve University
G. E. Volovik: Helsinki University of Technology

Nature, 1997, vol. 386, issue 6626, 689-692

Abstract: Abstract The Universe contains much more matter than antimatter, which is probably the result of processes in the early Universe in which baryon number was not conserved. These processes may have occurred during the electroweak phase transition, when elementary particles first acquired mass1–4. It is impossible to study directly processes relevant to the early Universe, because of the extreme energies involved. One is therefore forced to investigate laboratory systems with analogous phase transitions. Much of the behaviour of superfluid 3He is analogous to that predicted within the standard model of the electroweak interaction5. Superfluids and liquid crystals have already been used to investigate cosmic string production6–11; here we describe experiments on 3He that demonstrate the creation of excitation momentum (which we call momentogenesis) by quantized vortices in the superfluid. The underlying physics of this process is similar to that associated with the creation of baryons within cosmic strings, and our results provide quantitative support for this type of baryogenesis.

Date: 1997
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DOI: 10.1038/386689a0

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