The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV

Jacq, C.; Alt-Mörbe, J.; Andre, B.; Arnold, W.; Bahr, A.; Ballesta, J. P. G.; Bargues, M.; Baron, L.; Becker, A.; Biteau, N.; Blöcker, H.; Blugeon, C.; Boskovic, J.; Brandt, P.; Brückner, M.; Buitrago, M. J.; Coster, F.; Delaveau, T.; Rey, F. del; Dujon, B.; Eide, L. G.; Garcia-Cantalejo, J. M.; Goffeau, A.; Gomez-Peris, A.; Granotier, C.; Hanemann, V.; Hankeln, T.; Hoheisel, J. D.; Jäger, W.; Jimenez, A.; Jonniaux, J.-L.; Krämer, C.; Küster, H.; Laamanen, P.; Legros, Y.; Louis, E.; Möller-Rieker, S.; Monnet, A.; Moro, M.; Müller-Auer, S.; Nußbaumer, B.; Paricio, N.; Paulin, L.; Perea, J.; Perez-Alonso, M.; Perez-Ortin, J. E.; Pohl, T. M.; Prydz, H.; Purnelle, B.; Rasmussen, S. W.; Remacha, M.; Revuelta, J. L.; Rieger, M.; Salom, D.; Saluz, H. P.; Saiz, J. E.; Saren, A.-M.; Schäfer, M.; Scharfe, M.; Schmidt, E. R.; Schneider, C.; Scholler, P.; Schwarz, S.; Soler-Mira, A.; Urrestarazu, L. A.; Verhasselt, P.; Vissers, S.; Voet, M.; Volckaert, G.; Wagner, G.; Wambutt, R.; Wedler, E.; Wedler, H.; Wölfl, S.; Harris, D. E.; Bowman, S.; Brown, D.; Churcher, C. M.; Connor, R.; Dedman, K.; Gentles, S.; Hamlin, N.; Hunt, S.; Jones, L.; McDonald, S.; Murphy, L.; Niblett, D.; Odell, C.; Oliver, K.; Rajandream, M. A.; Richards, C.; Shore, L.; Walsh, S. V.; Barrell, B. G.; Dietrich, F. S.; Mulligan, J.; Allen, E.; Araujo, R.; Aviles, E.; Berno, A.; Carpenter, J.; Chen, E.; Cherry, J. M.; Chung, E.; Duncan, M.; Hunicke-Smith, S.; Hyman, R.; Komp, C.; Lashkari, D.; Lew, H.; Lin, D.; Mosedale, D.; Nakahara, K.; Namath, A.; Oefner, P.; Oh, C.; Petel, F. X.; Roberts, D.; Schramm, S.; Schroeder, M.; Shogren, T.; Shroff, N.; Winant, A.; Yelton, M.; Botstein, D.; Davis, R. W.; Johnston, M.; Hillier, L.; Riles, L.; Albermann, K.; Hani, J.; Heumann, K.; Kleine, K.; Mewes, H. W.; Zollner, A.; Zaccaria, P.

The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV

C. Jacq (), J. Alt-Mörbe, B. Andre, W. Arnold, A. Bahr, J. P. G. Ballesta, M. Bargues, L. Baron, A. Becker, N. Biteau, H. Blöcker, C. Blugeon, J. Boskovic, P. Brandt, M. Brückner, M. J. Buitrago, F. Coster, T. Delaveau, F. del Rey, B. Dujon, L. G. Eide, J. M. Garcia-Cantalejo, A. Goffeau, A. Gomez-Peris, C. Granotier, V. Hanemann, T. Hankeln, J. D. Hoheisel, W. Jäger, A. Jimenez, J.-L. Jonniaux, C. Krämer, H. Küster, P. Laamanen, Y. Legros, E. Louis, S. Möller-Rieker, A. Monnet, M. Moro, S. Müller-Auer, B. Nußbaumer, N. Paricio, L. Paulin, J. Perea, M. Perez-Alonso, J. E. Perez-Ortin, T. M. Pohl, H. Prydz, B. Purnelle, S. W. Rasmussen, M. Remacha, J. L. Revuelta, M. Rieger, D. Salom, H. P. Saluz, J. E. Saiz, A.-M. Saren, M. Schäfer, M. Scharfe, E. R. Schmidt, C. Schneider, P. Scholler, S. Schwarz, A. Soler-Mira, L. A. Urrestarazu, P. Verhasselt, S. Vissers, M. Voet, G. Volckaert, G. Wagner, R. Wambutt, E. Wedler, H. Wedler, S. Wölfl, D. E. Harris, S. Bowman, D. Brown, C. M. Churcher, R. Connor, K. Dedman, S. Gentles, N. Hamlin, S. Hunt, L. Jones, S. McDonald, L. Murphy, D. Niblett, C. Odell, K. Oliver, M. A. Rajandream, C. Richards, L. Shore, S. V. Walsh, B. G. Barrell, F. S. Dietrich, J. Mulligan, E. Allen, R. Araujo, E. Aviles, A. Berno, J. Carpenter, E. Chen, J. M. Cherry, E. Chung, M. Duncan, S. Hunicke-Smith, R. Hyman, C. Komp, D. Lashkari, H. Lew, D. Lin, D. Mosedale, K. Nakahara, A. Namath, P. Oefner, C. Oh, F. X. Petel, D. Roberts, S. Schramm, M. Schroeder, T. Shogren, N. Shroff, A. Winant, M. Yelton, D. Botstein, R. W. Davis, M. Johnston, L. Hillier, L. Riles, K. Albermann, J. Hani, K. Heumann, K. Kleine, H. W. Mewes, A. Zollner and P. Zaccaria
Additional contact information
C. Jacq: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, URA 1302 du CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure
J. Alt-Mörbe: Labor für DNA-Analytik
B. Andre: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et de Génétique des Levures
W. Arnold: Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld
A. Bahr: Institut für Molekulargenetik, Universität Mainz
J. P. G. Ballesta: Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC and UAM, Canto Blanco
M. Bargues: University of Valencia, Campus of Burjasot
L. Baron: Pharmacia Biotech, Parc technologique
A. Becker: Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld
N. Biteau: Pharmacia Biotech, Parc technologique
H. Blöcker: GB-Genome Analysis
C. Blugeon: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, URA 1302 du CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure
J. Boskovic: Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC and UAM, Canto Blanco
P. Brandt: GB-Genome Analysis
M. Brückner: Genotype GmbH
M. J. Buitrago: Universidad de Salamanca
F. Coster: Université Catholique de Louvain
T. Delaveau: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, URA 1302 du CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure
F. del Rey: Universidad de Salamanca
B. Dujon: Institut Pasteur
L. G. Eide: The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo
J. M. Garcia-Cantalejo: Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC and UAM, Canto Blanco
A. Goffeau: Université Catholique de Louvain
A. Gomez-Peris: Universidad de Valencia
C. Granotier: Pharmacia Biotech, Parc technologique
V. Hanemann: Hans-Knöll-Institut
T. Hankeln: Institut für Molekulargenetik, Universität Mainz
J. D. Hoheisel: Molecular Genetic Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
W. Jäger: GB-Genome Analysis
A. Jimenez: Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC and UAM, Canto Blanco
J.-L. Jonniaux: Université Catholique de Louvain
C. Krämer: Institut für Molekulargenetik, Universität Mainz
H. Küster: Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld
P. Laamanen: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki
Y. Legros: Pharmacia Biotech, Parc technologique
E. Louis: Institute of Molecular Medecine, John Radcliffe Hospital
S. Möller-Rieker: Institut für Molekulargenetik, Universität Mainz
A. Monnet: Pharmacia Biotech, Parc technologique
M. Moro: L.N.C.I.B., Area Science Park
S. Müller-Auer: Genotype GmbH
B. Nußbaumer: Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld
N. Paricio: University of Valencia, Campus of Burjasot
L. Paulin: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki
J. Perea: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, URA 1302 du CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure
M. Perez-Alonso: University of Valencia, Campus of Burjasot
J. E. Perez-Ortin: Universidad de Valencia
T. M. Pohl: GATC GmbH
H. Prydz: The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo
B. Purnelle: Université Catholique de Louvain
S. W. Rasmussen: Carlsberg Laboratory
M. Remacha: Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC and UAM, Canto Blanco
J. L. Revuelta: Universidad de Salamanca
M. Rieger: Genotype GmbH
D. Salom: Universidad de Valencia
H. P. Saluz: Hans-Knöll-Institut
J. E. Saiz: Universidad de Salamanca
A.-M. Saren: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki
M. Schäfer: Genotype GmbH
M. Scharfe: AGON GmbH
E. R. Schmidt: Institut für Molekulargenetik, Universität Mainz
C. Schneider: L.N.C.I.B., Area Science Park
P. Scholler: Molecular Genetic Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
S. Schwarz: Molecular Genetic Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
A. Soler-Mira: Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC and UAM, Canto Blanco
L. A. Urrestarazu: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et de Génétique des Levures
P. Verhasselt: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Gene Technology
S. Vissers: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et de Génétique des Levures
M. Voet: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Gene Technology
G. Volckaert: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Gene Technology
G. Wagner: Genotype GmbH
R. Wambutt: AGON GmbH
E. Wedler: AGON GmbH
H. Wedler: AGON GmbH
S. Wölfl: Hans-Knöll-Institut
D. E. Harris: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. Bowman: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
D. Brown: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
C. M. Churcher: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
R. Connor: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
K. Dedman: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. Gentles: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
N. Hamlin: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. Hunt: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
L. Jones: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. McDonald: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
L. Murphy: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
D. Niblett: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
C. Odell: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
K. Oliver: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
M. A. Rajandream: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
C. Richards: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
L. Shore: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. V. Walsh: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
B. G. Barrell: The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
F. S. Dietrich: Stanford University, Beckman Center
J. Mulligan: Stanford University, Beckman Center
E. Allen: Stanford University, Beckman Center
R. Araujo: Stanford University, Beckman Center
E. Aviles: Stanford University, Beckman Center
A. Berno: Stanford University, Beckman Center
J. Carpenter: Stanford University, Beckman Center
E. Chen: Stanford University, Beckman Center
J. M. Cherry: Stanford University, Beckman Center
E. Chung: Stanford University, Beckman Center
M. Duncan: Stanford University, Beckman Center
S. Hunicke-Smith: Stanford University, Beckman Center
R. Hyman: Stanford University, Beckman Center
C. Komp: Stanford University, Beckman Center
D. Lashkari: Stanford University, Beckman Center
H. Lew: Stanford University, Beckman Center
D. Lin: Stanford University, Beckman Center
D. Mosedale: Stanford University, Beckman Center
K. Nakahara: Stanford University, Beckman Center
A. Namath: Stanford University, Beckman Center
P. Oefner: Stanford University, Beckman Center
C. Oh: Stanford University, Beckman Center
F. X. Petel: Stanford University, Beckman Center
D. Roberts: Stanford University, Beckman Center
S. Schramm: Stanford University, Beckman Center
M. Schroeder: Stanford University, Beckman Center
T. Shogren: Stanford University, Beckman Center
N. Shroff: Stanford University, Beckman Center
A. Winant: Stanford University, Beckman Center
M. Yelton: Stanford University, Beckman Center
D. Botstein: Stanford University, Beckman Center
R. W. Davis: Stanford University, Beckman Center
M. Johnston: Washington University, School of Medicine
L. Hillier: Washington University, School of Medicine
L. Riles: Washington University, School of Medicine
K. Albermann: Martinsrieder Institut für Protein Sequenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
J. Hani: Martinsrieder Institut für Protein Sequenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
K. Heumann: Martinsrieder Institut für Protein Sequenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
K. Kleine: Martinsrieder Institut für Protein Sequenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
H. W. Mewes: Martinsrieder Institut für Protein Sequenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
A. Zollner: Martinsrieder Institut für Protein Sequenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
P. Zaccaria: Martinsrieder Institut für Protein Sequenzen, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie

Nature, 1997, vol. 387, issue 6632, 75-78

Abstract: Abstract The complete DNA sequence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV has been determined. Apart from chromosome XII, which contains the 1–2 Mb rDNA cluster, chromosome IV is the longest S. cerevisiae chromosome. It was split into three parts, which were sequenced by a consortium from the European Community, the Sanger Centre, and groups from St Louis and Stanford in the United States. The sequence of 1,531,974 base pairs contains 796 predicted or known genes, 318 (39.9%) of which have been previously identified. Of the 478 new genes, 225 (28.3%) are homologous to previously identified genes and 253 (32%) have unknown functions or correspond to spurious open reading frames (ORFs). On average there is one gene approximately every two kilobases. Superimposed on alternating regional variations in G+C composition, there is a large central domain with a lower G+C content that contains all the yeast transposon (Ty) elements and most of the tRNA genes. Chromosome IV shares with chromosomes II, V, XII, XIII and XV some long clustered duplications which partly explain its origin.

Date: 1997
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DOI: 10.1038/387s075

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