Timing of the Ethiopian flood basalt event and implications for plume birth and global change

C. Hofmann, V. Courtillot (), G. Féraud, P. Rochette, G. Yirgu, E. Ketefo and R. Pik
Additional contact information
C. Hofmann: Institut de Physique du Globe
V. Courtillot: Institut de Physique du Globe
G. Féraud: UMR Géosciences Azur (Université de Nice, CNRS)
P. Rochette: CEREGE, Univesité d'Aix-Marseille 3, BP 81
G. Yirgu: University of Addis Ababa
E. Ketefo: University of Addis Ababa
R. Pik: CEREGE, Univesité d'Aix-Marseille 3, BP 81

Nature, 1997, vol. 389, issue 6653, 838-841

Abstract: Abstract Continental flood basalts are often considered as fossil evidence of mantle plume heads impinging on the lithosphere1,2 and have been related to continental breakup3,4,5. Many of these flood basalts erupted within a short time span—of the order of 1 Myr—and were apparently synchronous with crises in global climate and with mass extinctions6. Here we present geochronological (40Ar/39Ar) and magnetostratigraphic results for the Ethiopian traps, one of the last remaining flood basalts for which few such data were available. The bulk of the traps, which have been inferred to mark the appearance of the Ethiopian-Afar plume head at the Earth's surface, erupted approximately 30 Myr ago, over a period of 1 Myr or less. This was about the time of a change to a colder and drier global climate, a major continental ice-sheet advance in Antarctica, the largest Tertiary sea-level drop and significant extinctions.

Date: 1997
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DOI: 10.1038/39853

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