From molecular to modular cell biology

Leland H. Hartwell, John J. Hopfield, Stanislas Leibler and Andrew W. Murray
Additional contact information
Leland H. Hartwell: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
John J. Hopfield: Princeton University
Stanislas Leibler: Princeton University
Andrew W. Murray: Department of Physiology University of California at San Francisco

Nature, 1999, vol. 402, issue 6761, C47-C52

Abstract: Cellular functions, such as signal transmission, are carried out by ‘modules’ made up of many species of interacting molecules. Understanding how modules work has depended on combining phenomenological analysis with molecular studies. General principles that govern the structure and behaviour of modules may be discovered with help from synthetic sciences such as engineering and computer science, from stronger interactions between experiment and theory in cell biology, and from an appreciation of evolutionary constraints.

Date: 1999
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DOI: 10.1038/35011540

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