DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae

John F. Heidelberg, Jonathan A. Eisen, William C. Nelson, Rebecca A. Clayton, Michelle L. Gwinn, Robert J. Dodson, Daniel H. Haft, Erin K. Hickey, Jeremy D. Peterson, Lowell Umayam, Steven R. Gill, Karen E. Nelson, Timothy D. Read, Hervé Tettelin, Delwood Richardson, Maria D. Ermolaeva, Jessica Vamathevan, Steven Bass, Haiying Qin, Ioana Dragoi, Patrick Sellers, Lisa McDonald, Teresa Utterback, Robert D. Fleishmann, William C. Nierman, Owen White, Steven L. Salzberg, Hamilton O. Smith, Rita R. Colwell, John J. Mekalanos, J. Craig Venter and Claire M. Fraser ()
Additional contact information
John F. Heidelberg: The Institute for Genomic Research
Jonathan A. Eisen: The Institute for Genomic Research
William C. Nelson: The Institute for Genomic Research
Michelle L. Gwinn: The Institute for Genomic Research
Robert J. Dodson: The Institute for Genomic Research
Daniel H. Haft: The Institute for Genomic Research
Erin K. Hickey: The Institute for Genomic Research
Jeremy D. Peterson: The Institute for Genomic Research
Lowell Umayam: The Institute for Genomic Research
Steven R. Gill: The Institute for Genomic Research
Karen E. Nelson: The Institute for Genomic Research
Timothy D. Read: The Institute for Genomic Research
Hervé Tettelin: The Institute for Genomic Research
Delwood Richardson: The Institute for Genomic Research
Maria D. Ermolaeva: The Institute for Genomic Research
Jessica Vamathevan: The Institute for Genomic Research
Steven Bass: The Institute for Genomic Research
Haiying Qin: The Institute for Genomic Research
Ioana Dragoi: The Institute for Genomic Research
Patrick Sellers: The Institute for Genomic Research
Lisa McDonald: The Institute for Genomic Research
Teresa Utterback: The Institute for Genomic Research
Robert D. Fleishmann: The Institute for Genomic Research
William C. Nierman: The Institute for Genomic Research
Owen White: The Institute for Genomic Research
Steven L. Salzberg: The Institute for Genomic Research
Hamilton O. Smith: The Institute for Genomic Research
Rita R. Colwell: Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute
John J. Mekalanos: Harvard Medical School
J. Craig Venter: The Institute for Genomic Research
Claire M. Fraser: The Institute for Genomic Research

Nature, 2000, vol. 406, issue 6795, 477-483

Abstract: Abstract Here we determine the complete genomic sequence of the Gram negative, γ-Proteobacterium Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961 to be 4,033,460 base pairs (bp). The genome consists of two circular chromosomes of 2,961,146 bp and 1,072,314 bp that together encode 3,885 open reading frames. The vast majority of recognizable genes for essential cell functions (such as DNA replication, transcription, translation and cell-wall biosynthesis) and pathogenicity (for example, toxins, surface antigens and adhesins) are located on the large chromosome. In contrast, the small chromosome contains a larger fraction (59%) of hypothetical genes compared with the large chromosome (42%), and also contains many more genes that appear to have origins other than the γ-Proteobacteria. The small chromosome also carries a gene capture system (the integron island) and host ‘addiction’ genes that are typically found on plasmids; thus, the small chromosome may have originally been a megaplasmid that was captured by an ancestral Vibrio species. The V. cholerae genomic sequence provides a starting point for understanding how a free-living, environmental organism emerged to become a significant human bacterial pathogen.

Date: 2000
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DOI: 10.1038/35020000

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