Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses

Deborah Kilb, Joan Gomberg () and Paul Bodin
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Deborah Kilb: Center for Earthquake Research and Information, The University of Memphis
Joan Gomberg: US Geological Survey, Center for Earthquake Research and Information
Paul Bodin: Center for Earthquake Research and Information, The University of Memphis

Nature, 2000, vol. 408, issue 6812, 570-574

Abstract: Abstract It is thought that small ‘static’ stress changes due to permanent fault displacement can alter the likelihood of, or trigger, earthquakes on nearby faults1. Many studies of triggering in the near-field, particularly of aftershocks, rely on these static changes as the triggering agent2,3,4 and consider them only in terms of equivalent changes in the applied load on the fault3,4,5,6. Here we report a comparison of the aftershock pattern of the moment magnitude Mw = 7.3 Landers earthquake, not only with static stress changes but also with transient, oscillatory stress changes transmitted as seismic waves (that is, ‘dynamic’ stresses). Dynamic stresses do not permanently change the applied load and thus can trigger earthquakes only by altering the mechanical state or properties of the fault zone. These dynamically weakened faults may fail after the seismic waves have passed by, and might even cause earthquakes that would not otherwise have occurred. We find similar asymmetries in the aftershock and dynamic stress patterns, the latter being due to rupture propagation, whereas the static stress changes lack this asymmetry. Previous studies have shown that dynamic stresses can promote failure at remote distances7,8,9,10,11,12, but here we show that they can also do so nearby.

Date: 2000
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DOI: 10.1038/35046046

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