Twisted gastrulation is a conserved extracellular BMP antagonist

Jeffrey J. Ross, Osamu Shimmi, Peter Vilmos, Anna Petryk, Hyon Kim, Karin Gaudenz, Spencer Hermanson, Stephen C. Ekker, Michael B. O'Connor () and J. Lawrence Marsh ()
Additional contact information
Jeffrey J. Ross: Cell Biology and Development
Osamu Shimmi: Cell Biology and Development
Peter Vilmos: University of California
Anna Petryk: Department of Pediatrics
Hyon Kim: Cell Biology and Development
Karin Gaudenz: University of California
Spencer Hermanson: Cell Biology and Development
Stephen C. Ekker: Cell Biology and Development
Michael B. O'Connor: Cell Biology and Development
J. Lawrence Marsh: University of California

Nature, 2001, vol. 410, issue 6827, 479-483

Abstract: Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling regulates embryonic dorsal–ventral cell fate decisions in flies, frogs and fish1. BMP activity is controlled by several secreted factors including the antagonists chordin and short gastrulation (SOG)2,3. Here we show that a second secreted protein, Twisted gastrulation (Tsg)4, enhances the antagonistic activity of Sog/chordin. In Drosophila, visualization of BMP signalling using anti-phospho-Smad staining5 shows that the tsg and sog loss-of-function phenotypes are very similar. In S2 cells and imaginal discs, TSG and SOG together make a more effective inhibitor of BMP signalling than either of them alone. Blocking Tsg function in zebrafish with morpholino oligonucleotides causes ventralization similar to that produced by chordin mutants. Co-injection of sub-inhibitory levels of morpholines directed against both Tsg and chordin synergistically enhances the penetrance of the ventralized phenotype. We show that Tsgs from different species are functionally equivalent, and conclude that Tsg is a conserved protein that functions with SOG/chordin to antagonize BMP signalling.

Date: 2001
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DOI: 10.1038/35068578

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