A cellular mechanism of reward-related learning

John N. J. Reynolds, Brian I. Hyland and Jeffery R. Wickens ()
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John N. J. Reynolds: The Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences
Brian I. Hyland: The Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences
Jeffery R. Wickens: The Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences

Nature, 2001, vol. 413, issue 6851, 67-70

Abstract: Abstract Positive reinforcement helps to control the acquisition of learned behaviours. Here we report a cellular mechanism in the brain that may underlie the behavioural effects of positive reinforcement. We used intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) as a model of reinforcement learning1, in which each rat learns to press a lever that applies reinforcing electrical stimulation to its own substantia nigra2,3. The outputs from neurons of the substantia nigra terminate on neurons in the striatum in close proximity to inputs from the cerebral cortex on the same striatal neurons4. We measured the effect of substantia nigra stimulation on these inputs from the cortex to striatal neurons and also on how quickly the rats learned to press the lever. We found that stimulation of the substantia nigra (with the optimal parameters for lever-pressing behaviour) induced potentiation of synapses between the cortex and the striatum, which required activation of dopamine receptors. The degree of potentiation within ten minutes of the ICSS trains was correlated with the time taken by the rats to learn ICSS behaviour. We propose that stimulation of the substantia nigra when the lever is pressed induces a similar potentiation of cortical inputs to the striatum, positively reinforcing the learning of the behaviour by the rats.

Date: 2001
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DOI: 10.1038/35092560

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