Endoscopic exploration of Red Sea coral reefs reveals dense populations of cavity-dwelling sponges

Claudio Richter (), Mark Wunsch, Mohammed Rasheed, Iris Kötter and Mohammad I. Badran
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Claudio Richter: Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie
Mark Wunsch: Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie
Mohammed Rasheed: Marine Science Station, University of Jordan and Yarmouk University, PO Box 195
Iris Kötter: Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie
Mohammad I. Badran: Marine Science Station, University of Jordan and Yarmouk University, PO Box 195

Nature, 2001, vol. 413, issue 6857, 726-730

Abstract: Abstract Framework cavities are the largest but least explored coral reef habitat1. Previous dive studies of caverns, spaces below plate corals, rubble and artificial cavities1,2,3 suggest that cavity-dwelling (coelobite) filter-feeders are important in the trophodynamics of reefs2,4,5. Quantitative community data are lacking, however, as the bulk of the narrow crevices interlacing the reef framework are inaccessible to conventional analysis methods6. Here we have developed endoscopic techniques to explore Red Sea framework crevices up to 4 m into the carbonate rock, revealing a large internal surface (2.5–7.4 m2 per projected m2 reef) dominated by encrusting filter-feeders. Sponges alone provided up to 60% of coelobite cover, outweighing epi-reefal filter-feeder biomass by two orders of magnitude. Coelobite community filtration removed more than 60% of the phytoplankton in the course of its less than 5-minute passage through the crevices, corresponding to an uptake of roughly 0.9 g carbon m-2 d-1. Mineralization of the largely allochthonous organic material is a principal source of nutrients supporting coral and algal growth. The supply of new material by coelobites may provide a key to understanding the ‘coral reef paradox’—a rich ecosystem thriving in nutrient-poor water.

Date: 2001
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DOI: 10.1038/35099547

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