IRE1 couples endoplasmic reticulum load to secretory capacity by processing the XBP-1 mRNA

Marcella Calfon, Huiqing Zeng, Fumihiko Urano, Jeffery H. Till, Stevan R. Hubbard, Heather P. Harding, Scott G. Clark and David Ron ()
Additional contact information
Marcella Calfon: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Huiqing Zeng: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Fumihiko Urano: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Jeffery H. Till: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Stevan R. Hubbard: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Heather P. Harding: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Scott G. Clark: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
David Ron: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine

Nature, 2002, vol. 415, issue 6867, 92-96

Abstract: Abstract The unfolded protein response (UPR), caused by stress, matches the folding capacity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the load of client proteins in the organelle1,2. In yeast, processing of HAC1 mRNA by activated Ire1 leads to synthesis of the transcription factor Hac1 and activation of the UPR3. The responses to activated IRE1 in metazoans are less well understood. Here we demonstrate that mutations in either ire-1 or the transcription-factor-encoding xbp-1 gene abolished the UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mammalian XBP-1 is essential for immunoglobulin secretion and development of plasma cells4, and high levels of XBP-1 messenger RNA are found in specialized secretory cells5. Activation of the UPR causes IRE1-dependent splicing of a small intron from the XBP-1 mRNA both in C. elegans and mice. The protein encoded by the processed murine XBP-1 mRNA accumulated during the UPR, whereas the protein encoded by unprocessed mRNA did not. Purified mouse IRE1 accurately cleaved XBP-1 mRNA in vitro, indicating that XBP-1 mRNA is a direct target of IRE1 endonucleolytic activity. Our findings suggest that physiological ER load regulates a developmental decision in higher eukaryotes.

Date: 2002
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DOI: 10.1038/415092a

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