Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cyclase exotoxin by calmodulin

Chester L. Drum, Shui-Zhong Yan, Joel Bard, Yue-Quan Shen, Dan Lu, Sandriyana Soelaiman, Zenon Grabarek, Andrew Bohm and Wei-Jen Tang ()
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Chester L. Drum: Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago
Shui-Zhong Yan: Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago
Joel Bard: Boston Biomedical Research Institute
Yue-Quan Shen: Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago
Dan Lu: Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago
Sandriyana Soelaiman: Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago
Zenon Grabarek: Boston Biomedical Research Institute
Andrew Bohm: Boston Biomedical Research Institute
Wei-Jen Tang: Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago

Nature, 2002, vol. 415, issue 6870, 396-402

Abstract: Abstract Oedema factor, a calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase, is important in the pathogenesis of anthrax. Here we report the X-ray structures of oedema factor with and without bound calmodulin. Oedema factor shares no significant structural homology with mammalian adenylyl cyclases or other proteins. In the active site, 3′-deoxy-ATP and a single metal ion are well positioned for catalysis with histidine 351 as the catalytic base. This mechanism differs from the mechanism of two-metal-ion catalysis proposed for mammalian adenylyl cyclases. Four discrete regions of oedema factor form a surface that recognizes an extended conformation of calmodulin, which is very different from the collapsed conformation observed in other structures of calmodulin bound to effector peptides. On calmodulin binding, an oedema factor helical domain of relative molecular mass 15,000 undergoes a 15 Å translation and a 30° rotation away from the oedema factor catalytic core, which stabilizes a disordered loop and leads to enzyme activation. These allosteric changes provide the first molecular details of how calmodulin modulates one of its targets.

Date: 2002
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DOI: 10.1038/415396a

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