Scaling of entanglement close to a quantum phase transition

A. Osterloh, Luigi Amico, G. Falci and Rosario Fazio ()
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A. Osterloh: Dipartimento di Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche (DMFCI)
Luigi Amico: Dipartimento di Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche (DMFCI)
G. Falci: Dipartimento di Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche (DMFCI)
Rosario Fazio: NEST-INFM

Nature, 2002, vol. 416, issue 6881, 608-610

Abstract: Abstract Classical phase transitions occur when a physical system reaches a state below a critical temperature characterized by macroscopic order1. Quantum phase transitions occur at absolute zero; they are induced by the change of an external parameter or coupling constant2, and are driven by quantum fluctuations. Examples include transitions in quantum Hall systems3, localization in Si-MOSFETs (metal oxide silicon field-effect transistors; ref. 4) and the superconductor–insulator transition in two-dimensional systems5,6. Both classical and quantum critical points are governed by a diverging correlation length, although quantum systems possess additional correlations that do not have a classical counterpart. This phenomenon, known as entanglement, is the resource that enables quantum computation and communication8. The role of entanglement at a phase transition is not captured by statistical mechanics—a complete classification of the critical many-body state requires the introduction of concepts from quantum information theory9. Here we connect the theory of critical phenomena with quantum information by exploring the entangling resources of a system close to its quantum critical point. We demonstrate, for a class of one-dimensional magnetic systems, that entanglement shows scaling behaviour in the vicinity of the transition point.

Date: 2002
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DOI: 10.1038/416608a

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