Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome

Guri Giaever, Angela M. Chu, Li Ni, Carla Connelly, Linda Riles, Steeve Véronneau, Sally Dow, Ankuta Lucau-Danila, Keith Anderson, Bruno André, Adam P. Arkin, Anna Astromoff, Mohamed El Bakkoury, Rhonda Bangham, Rocio Benito, Sophie Brachat, Stefano Campanaro, Matt Curtiss, Karen Davis, Adam Deutschbauer, Karl-Dieter Entian, Patrick Flaherty, Francoise Foury, David J. Garfinkel, Mark Gerstein, Deanna Gotte, Ulrich Güldener, Johannes H. Hegemann, Svenja Hempel, Zelek Herman, Daniel F. Jaramillo, Diane E. Kelly, Steven L. Kelly, Peter Kötter, Darlene LaBonte, David C. Lamb, Ning Lan, Hong Liang, Hong Liao, Lucy Liu, Chuanyun Luo, Marc Lussier, Rong Mao, Patrice Menard, Siew Loon Ooi, Jose L. Revuelta, Christopher J. Roberts, Matthias Rose, Petra Ross-Macdonald, Bart Scherens, Greg Schimmack, Brenda Shafer, Daniel D. Shoemaker, Sharon Sookhai-Mahadeo, Reginald K. Storms, Jeffrey N. Strathern, Giorgio Valle, Marleen Voet, Guido Volckaert, Ching-yun Wang, Teresa R. Ward, Julie Wilhelmy, Elizabeth A. Winzeler, Yonghong Yang, Grace Yen, Elaine Youngman, Kexin Yu, Howard Bussey, Jef D. Boeke, Michael Snyder, Peter Philippsen, Ronald W. Davis () and Mark Johnston
Additional contact information
Guri Giaever: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University
Angela M. Chu: Stanford University School of Medicine
Li Ni: Yale University
Carla Connelly: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Linda Riles: Washington University Medical School
Steeve Véronneau: McGill University
Sally Dow: Rosetta Inpharmatics Inc.
Ankuta Lucau-Danila: FYSA, Université catholique de Louvain
Keith Anderson: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University
Bruno André: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, IBMM CP300
Adam P. Arkin: University of California
Anna Astromoff: Stanford University School of Medicine
Mohamed El Bakkoury: IRMW, Université Libre de Bruxelles
Rhonda Bangham: Yale University
Rocio Benito: Instituto de Microbiologia y Bioquimica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca
Sophie Brachat: Biozentrum, University of Basel
Stefano Campanaro: University of Padova
Matt Curtiss: Washington University Medical School
Karen Davis: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University
Adam Deutschbauer: Stanford University School of Medicine
Karl-Dieter Entian: EUROSCARF, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Institute of Microbiology
Patrick Flaherty: University of California
Francoise Foury: FYSA, Université catholique de Louvain
David J. Garfinkel: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Mark Gerstein: Yale University
Deanna Gotte: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Ulrich Güldener: Institut fur Mikrobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf
Johannes H. Hegemann: Institut fur Mikrobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf
Svenja Hempel: EUROSCARF, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Institute of Microbiology
Zelek Herman: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University
Daniel F. Jaramillo: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University
Diane E. Kelly: University of Wales
Steven L. Kelly: University of Wales
Peter Kötter: EUROSCARF, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Institute of Microbiology
Darlene LaBonte: Yale University
David C. Lamb: University of Wales
Ning Lan: Yale University
Hong Liang: Stanford University School of Medicine
Hong Liao: Yale University
Lucy Liu: Yale University
Chuanyun Luo: Yale University
Marc Lussier: McGill University
Rong Mao: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Patrice Menard: McGill University
Siew Loon Ooi: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Jose L. Revuelta: Instituto de Microbiologia y Bioquimica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca
Christopher J. Roberts: Rosetta Inpharmatics Inc.
Matthias Rose: EUROSCARF, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Institute of Microbiology
Petra Ross-Macdonald: Yale University
Bart Scherens: IRMW, Université Libre de Bruxelles
Greg Schimmack: Rosetta Inpharmatics Inc.
Brenda Shafer: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Daniel D. Shoemaker: Stanford University School of Medicine
Sharon Sookhai-Mahadeo: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Reginald K. Storms: Concordia University
Jeffrey N. Strathern: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Giorgio Valle: University of Padova
Marleen Voet: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Gene Technology
Guido Volckaert: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Gene Technology
Ching-yun Wang: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Teresa R. Ward: Rosetta Inpharmatics Inc.
Julie Wilhelmy: Washington University Medical School
Elizabeth A. Winzeler: Stanford University School of Medicine
Yonghong Yang: Yale University
Grace Yen: Stanford University School of Medicine
Elaine Youngman: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Kexin Yu: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Howard Bussey: McGill University
Jef D. Boeke: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Michael Snyder: Yale University
Peter Philippsen: Biozentrum, University of Basel
Ronald W. Davis: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University
Mark Johnston: Washington University Medical School

Nature, 2002, vol. 418, issue 6896, 387-391

Abstract: Abstract Determining the effect of gene deletion is a fundamental approach to understanding gene function. Conventional genetic screens exhibit biases, and genes contributing to a phenotype are often missed. We systematically constructed a nearly complete collection of gene-deletion mutants (96% of annotated open reading frames, or ORFs) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA sequences dubbed ‘molecular bar codes’ uniquely identify each strain, enabling their growth to be analysed in parallel and the fitness contribution of each gene to be quantitatively assessed by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. We show that previously known and new genes are necessary for optimal growth under six well-studied conditions: high salt, sorbitol, galactose, pH 8, minimal medium and nystatin treatment. Less than 7% of genes that exhibit a significant increase in messenger RNA expression are also required for optimal growth in four of the tested conditions. Our results validate the yeast gene-deletion collection as a valuable resource for functional genomics.

Date: 2002
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DOI: 10.1038/nature00935

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