Folding at the speed limit

Wei Yuan Yang and Martin Gruebele ()
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Wei Yuan Yang: University of Illinois
Martin Gruebele: University of Illinois

Nature, 2003, vol. 423, issue 6936, 193-197

Abstract: Abstract Many small proteins seem to fold by a simple process explicable by conventional chemical kinetics and transition-state theory. This assumes an instant equilibrium between reactants and a high-energy activated state1. In reality, equilibration occurs on timescales dependent on the molecules involved, below which such analyses break down1. The molecular timescale, normally too short to be seen in experiments, can be of a significant length for proteins. To probe it directly, we studied very rapidly folding mutants of the five-helix bundle protein λ6–85, whose activated state is significantly populated during folding. A time-dependent rate coefficient below 2 µs signals the onset of the molecular timescale, and hence the ultimate speed limit for folding2. A simple model shows that the molecular timescale represents the natural pre-factor for transition state models of folding.

Date: 2003
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DOI: 10.1038/nature01609

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