A very energetic supernova associated with the γ-ray burst of 29 March 2003

Jens Hjorth (), Jesper Sollerman, Palle Møller, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Stan E. Woosley, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Nial R. Tanvir, Jochen Greiner, Michael I. Andersen, Alberto J. Castro-Tirado, José María Castro Cerón, Andrew S. Fruchter, Javier Gorosabel, Páll Jakobsson, Lex Kaper, Sylvio Klose, Nicola Masetti, Holger Pedersen, Kristian Pedersen, Elena Pian, Eliana Palazzi, James E. Rhoads, Evert Rol, Edward P. J. van den Heuvel, Paul M. Vreeswijk, Darach Watson and Ralph A. M. J. Wijers
Additional contact information
Jens Hjorth: University of Copenhagen
Jesper Sollerman: Stockholm Observatory
Palle Møller: European Southern Observatory
Johan P. U. Fynbo: University of Aarhus
Stan E. Woosley: University of California
Chryssa Kouveliotou: NSSTC
Nial R. Tanvir: University of Hertfordshire
Jochen Greiner: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
Michael I. Andersen: Astrophysikalisches Institut
Alberto J. Castro-Tirado: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
José María Castro Cerón: Space Telescope Science Institute
Andrew S. Fruchter: Space Telescope Science Institute
Javier Gorosabel: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)
Páll Jakobsson: University of Copenhagen
Lex Kaper: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
Sylvio Klose: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
Nicola Masetti: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Sezione di Bologna, CNR
Holger Pedersen: University of Copenhagen
Kristian Pedersen: University of Copenhagen
Elena Pian: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
Eliana Palazzi: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Sezione di Bologna, CNR
James E. Rhoads: Space Telescope Science Institute
Evert Rol: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
Edward P. J. van den Heuvel: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
Paul M. Vreeswijk: European Southern Observatory
Darach Watson: University of Copenhagen
Ralph A. M. J. Wijers: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek

Nature, 2003, vol. 423, issue 6942, 847-850

Abstract: Abstract Over the past five years evidence has mounted that long-duration (>2 s) γ-ray bursts (GRBs)—the most luminous of all astronomical explosions—signal the collapse of massive stars in our Universe. This evidence was originally based on the probable association of one unusual GRB with a supernova1, but now includes the association of GRBs with regions of massive star formation in distant galaxies2,3, the appearance of supernova-like ‘bumps’ in the optical afterglow light curves of several bursts4,5,6 and lines of freshly synthesized elements in the spectra of a few X-ray afterglows7. These observations support, but do not yet conclusively demonstrate, the idea that long-duration GRBs are associated with the deaths of massive stars, presumably arising from core collapse. Here we report evidence that a very energetic supernova (a hypernova) was temporally and spatially coincident with a GRB at redshift z = 0.1685. The timing of the supernova indicates that it exploded within a few days of the GRB, strongly suggesting that core-collapse events can give rise to GRBs, thereby favouring the ‘collapsar’ model8,9.

Date: 2003
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DOI: 10.1038/nature01750

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