Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere

H. T. Su (), R. R. Hsu, A. B. Chen, Y. C. Wang, W. S. Hsiao, W. C. Lai, L. C. Lee, M. Sato and H. Fukunishi
Additional contact information
H. T. Su: National Cheng Kung University
R. R. Hsu: National Cheng Kung University
A. B. Chen: National Cheng Kung University
Y. C. Wang: National Cheng Kung University
W. S. Hsiao: National Cheng Kung University
W. C. Lai: National Cheng Kung University
L. C. Lee: National Cheng Kung University
M. Sato: Tohoku University
H. Fukunishi: Tohoku University

Nature, 2003, vol. 423, issue 6943, 974-976

Abstract: Abstract Transient luminous events in the atmosphere, such as lighting-induced sprites1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and upwardly discharging blue jets9,10,11,12,13,14, were discovered recently in the region between thunderclouds and the ionosphere. In the conventional picture, the main components of Earth's global electric circuit15,16 include thunderstorms, the conducting ionosphere, the downward fair-weather currents and the conducting Earth. Thunderstorms serve as one of the generators that drive current upward from cloud tops to the ionosphere, where the electric potential is hundreds of kilovolts higher than Earth's surface. It has not been clear, however, whether all the important components of the global circuit have even been identified. Here we report observations of five gigantic jets that establish a direct link between a thundercloud (altitude ∼16 km) and the ionosphere at 90 km elevation. Extremely-low-frequency radio waves in four events were detected, while no cloud-to-ground lightning was observed to trigger these events. Our result indicates that the extremely-low-frequency waves were generated by negative cloud-to-ionosphere discharges, which would reduce the electrical potential between ionosphere and ground. Therefore, the conventional picture of the global electric circuit needs to be modified to include the contributions of gigantic jets and possibly sprites17,18.

Date: 2003
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DOI: 10.1038/nature01759

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