Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts

Bastien Mangeat, Priscilla Turelli, Gersende Caron, Marc Friedli, Luc Perrin and Didier Trono ()
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Bastien Mangeat: Department of Genetics and Microbiology
Priscilla Turelli: Department of Genetics and Microbiology
Gersende Caron: Department of Medicine
Marc Friedli: Department of Genetics and Microbiology
Luc Perrin: Department of Medicine
Didier Trono: Department of Genetics and Microbiology

Nature, 2003, vol. 424, issue 6944, 99-103

Abstract: Abstract Viral replication usually requires that innate intracellular lines of defence be overcome, a task usually accomplished by specialized viral gene products. The virion infectivity factor (Vif) protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is required during the late stages of viral production to counter the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G; also known as CEM15), a protein expressed notably in human T lymphocytes1,2,3,4. When produced in the presence of APOBEC3G, vif-defective virus is non-infectious. APOBEC3G is closely related to APOBEC1, the central component of an RNA-editing complex that deaminates a cytosine residue in apoB messenger RNA5,6,7. APOBEC family members also have potent DNA mutator activity through dC deamination8; however, whether the editing potential of APOBEC3G has any relevance to HIV inhibition is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that it does, as APOBEC3G exerts its antiviral effect during reverse transcription to trigger G-to-A hypermutation in the nascent retroviral DNA. We also find that APOBEC3G can act on a broad range of retroviruses in addition to HIV, suggesting that hypermutation by editing is a general innate defence mechanism against this important group of pathogens.

Date: 2003
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DOI: 10.1038/nature01709

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