Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus

Wenhui Li, Michael J. Moore, Natalya Vasilieva, Jianhua Sui, Swee Kee Wong, Michael A. Berne, Mohan Somasundaran, John L. Sullivan, Katherine Luzuriaga, Thomas C. Greenough, Hyeryun Choe () and Michael Farzan ()
Additional contact information
Wenhui Li: Partners AIDS Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Michael J. Moore: Partners AIDS Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Natalya Vasilieva: Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Jianhua Sui: Harvard Medical School
Swee Kee Wong: Partners AIDS Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Michael A. Berne: Tufts University Core Facility, Tufts University School of Medicine
Mohan Somasundaran: University of Massachusetts Medical School
John L. Sullivan: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Katherine Luzuriaga: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Thomas C. Greenough: University of Massachusetts Medical School
Hyeryun Choe: Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Michael Farzan: Partners AIDS Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital

Nature, 2003, vol. 426, issue 6965, 450-454

Abstract: Abstract Spike (S) proteins of coronaviruses, including the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), associate with cellular receptors to mediate infection of their target cells1,2. Here we identify a metallopeptidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)3,4, isolated from SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-permissive Vero E6 cells, that efficiently binds the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV S protein. We found that a soluble form of ACE2, but not of the related enzyme ACE1, blocked association of the S1 domain with Vero E6 cells. 293T cells transfected with ACE2, but not those transfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 receptors, formed multinucleated syncytia with cells expressing S protein. Furthermore, SARS-CoV replicated efficiently on ACE2-transfected but not mock-transfected 293T cells. Finally, anti-ACE2 but not anti-ACE1 antibody blocked viral replication on Vero E6 cells. Together our data indicate that ACE2 is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV.

Date: 2003
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DOI: 10.1038/nature02145

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