Perceiving distance accurately by a directional process of integrating ground information

Bing Wu, Teng Leng Ooi () and Zijiang J. He ()
Additional contact information
Bing Wu: University of Louisville
Teng Leng Ooi: Pennsylvania College of Optometry
Zijiang J. He: University of Louisville

Nature, 2004, vol. 428, issue 6978, 73-77

Abstract: Abstract By itself, the absolute distance of an object cannot be accurately judged beyond 2–3 m (refs 1–3). Yet, when it is viewed with reference to a flat terrain, humans accurately judge the absolute distance of the object up to 20 m, an ability that is important for various actions4,5,6,7,8. Here we provide evidence that this is accomplished by integrating local patches of ground information into a global surface reference frame. We first show that restricting an observer's visual field of view to the local ground area around the target leads to distance underestimation, indicating that a relatively wide expanse of the ground surface is required for accurate distance judgement. Second, as proof of surface integration, we show that even with the restricted view, the observer can accurately judge absolute distance by scanning local patches of the ground surface, bit by bit, from near to far, but not in the reverse direction. This finding also reveals that the surface integration process uses the near-ground-surface information as a foundation for surface representation, and extrapolation to the far ground surface around the target for accurate absolute distance computation.

Date: 2004
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DOI: 10.1038/nature02350

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