Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D

Motomichi Matsuzaki (), Osami Misumi, Tadasu Shin-i, Shinichiro Maruyama, Manabu Takahara, Shin-ya Miyagishima, Toshiyuki Mori, Keiji Nishida, Fumi Yagisawa, Keishin Nishida, Yamato Yoshida, Yoshiki Nishimura, Shunsuke Nakao, Tamaki Kobayashi, Yu Momoyama, Tetsuya Higashiyama, Ayumi Minoda, Masako Sano, Hisayo Nomoto, Kazuko Oishi, Hiroko Hayashi, Fumiko Ohta, Satoko Nishizaka, Shinobu Haga, Sachiko Miura, Tomomi Morishita, Yukihiro Kabeya, Kimihiro Terasawa, Yutaka Suzuki, Yasuyuki Ishii, Shuichi Asakawa, Hiroyoshi Takano, Niji Ohta, Haruko Kuroiwa, Kan Tanaka, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Sumio Sugano, Naoki Sato, Hisayoshi Nozaki, Naotake Ogasawara, Yuji Kohara and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa ()
Additional contact information
Motomichi Matsuzaki: University of Tokyo
Osami Misumi: Rikkyo (St Paul's) University
Tadasu Shin-i: National Institute of Genetics
Shinichiro Maruyama: University of Tokyo
Manabu Takahara: National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
Shin-ya Miyagishima: Rikkyo (St Paul's) University
Toshiyuki Mori: Rikkyo (St Paul's) University
Keiji Nishida: University of Tokyo
Fumi Yagisawa: University of Tokyo
Keishin Nishida: Rikkyo (St Paul's) University
Yamato Yoshida: Rikkyo (St Paul's) University
Yoshiki Nishimura: University of Tokyo
Shunsuke Nakao: University of Tokyo
Tamaki Kobayashi: University of Tokyo
Yu Momoyama: University of Tokyo
Tetsuya Higashiyama: University of Tokyo
Ayumi Minoda: University of Tokyo
Masako Sano: National Institute of Genetics
Hisayo Nomoto: National Institute of Genetics
Kazuko Oishi: National Institute of Genetics
Hiroko Hayashi: National Institute of Genetics
Fumiko Ohta: National Institute of Genetics
Satoko Nishizaka: National Institute of Genetics
Shinobu Haga: National Institute of Genetics
Sachiko Miura: National Institute of Genetics
Tomomi Morishita: National Institute of Genetics
Yukihiro Kabeya: Saitama University
Kimihiro Terasawa: Saitama University
Yutaka Suzuki: University of Tokyo
Yasuyuki Ishii: Keio University School of Medicine
Shuichi Asakawa: Keio University School of Medicine
Hiroyoshi Takano: Kumamoto University
Niji Ohta: Saitama University
Haruko Kuroiwa: Rikkyo (St Paul's) University
Kan Tanaka: University of Tokyo
Nobuyoshi Shimizu: Keio University School of Medicine
Sumio Sugano: University of Tokyo
Naoki Sato: Saitama University
Hisayoshi Nozaki: University of Tokyo
Naotake Ogasawara: Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Yuji Kohara: National Institute of Genetics
Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa: Rikkyo (St Paul's) University

Nature, 2004, vol. 428, issue 6983, 653-657

Abstract: Abstract Small, compact genomes of ultrasmall unicellular algae provide information on the basic and essential genes that support the lives of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including higher plants1,2. Here we report the 16,520,305-base-pair sequence of the 20 chromosomes of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D as the first complete algal genome. We identified 5,331 genes in total, of which at least 86.3% were expressed. Unique characteristics of this genomic structure include: a lack of introns in all but 26 genes; only three copies of ribosomal DNA units that maintain the nucleolus; and two dynamin genes that are involved only in the division of mitochondria and plastids. The conserved mosaic origin of Calvin cycle enzymes in this red alga and in green plants supports the hypothesis of the existence of single primary plastid endosymbiosis. The lack of a myosin gene, in addition to the unexpressed actin gene, suggests a simpler system of cytokinesis. These results indicate that the C. merolae genome provides a model system with a simple gene composition for studying the origin, evolution and fundamental mechanisms of eukaryotic cells.

Date: 2004
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DOI: 10.1038/nature02398

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