Human meiotic recombinase Dmc1 promotes ATP-dependent homologous DNA strand exchange

Michael G. Sehorn, Stefan Sigurdsson, Wendy Bussen, Vinzenz M. Unger and Patrick Sung ()
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Michael G. Sehorn: Yale University School of Medicine
Stefan Sigurdsson: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Wendy Bussen: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Vinzenz M. Unger: Yale University School of Medicine
Patrick Sung: Yale University School of Medicine

Nature, 2004, vol. 429, issue 6990, 433-437

Abstract: Abstract Homologous recombination is crucial for the repair of DNA breaks and maintenance of genome stability1,2,3. In Escherichia coli, homologous recombination is dependent on the RecA protein. In the presence of ATP, RecA mediates the homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange reaction that links recombining DNA molecules. DNA joint formation is initiated through the nucleation of RecA onto single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to form helical nucleoprotein filaments4,5,6. Two RecA-like recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, exist in eukaryotes1. Whereas Rad51 is needed for both mitotic and meiotic recombination events, the function of Dmc1 is restricted to meiosis3,7. Here we examine human Dmc1 protein (hDmc1) for the ability to promote DNA strand exchange, and show that hDmc1 mediates strand exchange between paired DNA substrates over at least several thousand base pairs. DNA strand exchange requires ATP and is strongly dependent on the heterotrimeric ssDNA-binding molecule replication factor A (RPA). We present evidence that hDmc1-mediated DNA recombination initiates through the nucleation of hDmc1 onto ssDNA to form a helical nucleoprotein filament. The DNA strand exchange activity of hDmc1 is probably indispensable for repair of DNA double-strand breaks during meiosis and for maintaining the ploidy of meiotic chromosomes.

Date: 2004
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DOI: 10.1038/nature02563

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