Lead-free piezoceramics

Yasuyoshi Saito (), Hisaaki Takao, Toshihiko Tani, Tatsuhiko Nonoyama, Kazumasa Takatori, Takahiko Homma, Toshiatsu Nagaya and Masaya Nakamura
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Yasuyoshi Saito: Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc.
Hisaaki Takao: Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc.
Toshihiko Tani: Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc.
Tatsuhiko Nonoyama: DENSO Corporation
Kazumasa Takatori: Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc.
Takahiko Homma: Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc.
Toshiatsu Nagaya: DENSO Corporation
Masaya Nakamura: DENSO Corporation

Nature, 2004, vol. 432, issue 7013, 84-87

Abstract: Abstract Lead has recently been expelled from many commercial applications and materials (for example, from solder, glass and pottery glaze) owing to concerns regarding its toxicity. Lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics are high-performance piezoelectric materials, which are widely used in sensors, actuators and other electronic devices; they contain more than 60 weight per cent lead. Although there has been a concerted effort to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, no effective alternative to PZT has yet been found1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14. Here we report a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with an electric-field-induced strain comparable to typical actuator-grade PZT. We achieved this through the combination of the discovery of a morphotropic phase boundary in an alkaline niobate-based perovskite solid solution, and the development of a processing route leading to highly 〈001〉 textured polycrystals. The ceramic exhibits a piezoelectric constant d33 (the induced charge per unit force applied in the same direction) of above 300 picocoulombs per newton (pC N-1), and texturing the material leads to a peak d33 of 416 pC N-1. The textured material also exhibits temperature-independent field-induced strain characteristics.

Date: 2004
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DOI: 10.1038/nature03028

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