Routing of anisotropic spatial solitons and modulational instability in liquid crystals

Marco Peccianti, Claudio Conti, Gaetano Assanto (), Antonio De Luca and Cesare Umeton
Additional contact information
Marco Peccianti: University “Roma Tre”
Claudio Conti: University “Roma Tre”
Gaetano Assanto: University “Roma Tre”
Antonio De Luca: University of Calabria
Cesare Umeton: University of Calabria

Nature, 2004, vol. 432, issue 7018, 733-737

Abstract: Abstract In certain materials, the spontaneous spreading of a laser beam (owing to diffraction) can be compensated for by the interplay of optical intensity and material nonlinearity. The resulting non-diffracting beams are called ‘spatial solitons’ (refs 1–3), and they have been observed in various bulk media4,5,6. In nematic liquid crystals7,8,9, solitons can be produced at milliwatt power levels10,11,12 and have been investigated for both practical applications13 and as a means of exploring fundamental aspects of light interactions with soft matter14,15. Spatial solitons effectively operate as waveguides, and so can be considered as a means of channelling optical information along the self-sustaining filament. But actual steering of these solitons within the medium has proved more problematic, being limited to tilts of just a fraction of a degree16,17,18,19,20. Here we report the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation of voltage-controlled ‘walk-off’ and steering of self-localized light in nematic liquid crystals. We find not only that the propagation direction of individual spatial solitons can be tuned by several degrees, but also that an array of direction-tunable solitons can be generated by modulation instability21,22,23,24,25. Such control capabilities might find application in reconfigurable optical interconnects, optical tweezers and optical surgical techniques.

Date: 2004
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DOI: 10.1038/nature03101

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