Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates

William M. Switzer (), Marco Salemi, Vedapuri Shanmugam, Feng Gao, Mian-er Cong, Carla Kuiken, Vinod Bhullar, Brigitte E. Beer, Dominique Vallet, Annie Gautier-Hion, Zena Tooze, Francois Villinger, Edward C. Holmes and Walid Heneine
Additional contact information
William M. Switzer: HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Marco Salemi: University of Florida
Vedapuri Shanmugam: HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Feng Gao: Duke University
Mian-er Cong: HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Carla Kuiken: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Vinod Bhullar: HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Brigitte E. Beer: Southern Research Institute
Dominique Vallet: CNRS-Université Rennes I, Ethology, Evolution, Ecology, Station Biologique
Annie Gautier-Hion: CNRS-Université Rennes I, Ethology, Evolution, Ecology, Station Biologique
Zena Tooze: Cercopan
Francois Villinger: Emory University
Edward C. Holmes: University of Oxford
Walid Heneine: HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Nature, 2005, vol. 434, issue 7031, 376-380

Abstract: Constant companions It is thought that viruses and their hosts must constantly adapt to each other to survive. A striking example of this phenomenon is revealed in a comparison of the genetic evolution of primates with that of simian foamy viruses. These ubiquitous nonpathogenic retroviruses infect all primates — with the curious exception of Homo sapiens. The study shows that these viruses have co-speciated with Old World primates for at least 30 million years, making them the oldest known vertebrate RNA viruses. Humans are susceptible to simian foamy viruses and have a common evolution with Old Word monkeys, so the apparent lack of a ‘human’ foamy virus provides interesting avenues for speculation.

Date: 2005
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DOI: 10.1038/nature03341

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