Current measurement by real-time counting of single electrons

Jonas Bylander (), Tim Duty and Per Delsing
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Jonas Bylander: Chalmers University of Technology
Tim Duty: Chalmers University of Technology
Per Delsing: Chalmers University of Technology

Nature, 2005, vol. 434, issue 7031, 361-364

Abstract: A new way with currents The conventional way to measure electrical current is to record voltage drop across a resistor; Ohm's law does the rest. This treats the current as a continuous flow of charge, rather than a series of single electrons. A new device measures electrical flow in a fundamentally different way, counting electrons one by one. It makes use of a phenomenon known as time-correlated quantum mechanical tunnelling oscillation, analogous to the better known a.c. Josephson effect. Individual electrons flow into an ultrasensitive charge sensor at a well determined time separation. Electron counting makes it possible to measure extremely small currents more accurately than with established techniques.

Date: 2005
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DOI: 10.1038/nature03375

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