The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

Eichinger, L.; Pachebat, J. A.; Glöckner, G.; Rajandream, M.-A.; Sucgang, R.; Berriman, M.; Song, J.; Olsen, R.; Szafranski, K.; Xu, Q.; Tunggal, B.; Kummerfeld, S.; Madera, M.; Konfortov, B. A.; Rivero, F.; Bankier, A. T.; Lehmann, R.; Hamlin, N.; Davies, R.; Gaudet, P.; Fey, P.; Pilcher, K.; Chen, G.; Saunders, D.; Sodergren, E.; Davis, P.; Kerhornou, A.; Nie, X.; Hall, N.; Anjard, C.; Hemphill, L.; Bason, N.; Farbrother, P.; Desany, B.; Just, E.; Morio, T.; Rost, R.; Churcher, C.; Cooper, J.; Haydock, S.; van Driessche, N.; Cronin, A.; Goodhead, I.; Muzny, D.; Mourier, T.; Pain, A.; Lu, M.; Harper, D.; Lindsay, R.; Hauser, H.; James, K.; Quiles, M.; Babu, M. Madan; Saito, T.; Buchrieser, C.; Wardroper, A.; Felder, M.; Thangavelu, M.; Johnson, D.; Knights, A.; Loulseged, H.; Mungall, K.; Oliver, K.; Price, C.; Quail, M. A.; Urushihara, H.; Hernandez, J.; Rabbinowitsch, E.; Steffen, D.; Sanders, M.; Ma, J.; Kohara, Y.; Sharp, S.; Simmonds, M.; Spiegler, S.; Tivey, A.; Sugano, S.; White, B.; Walker, D.; Woodward, J.; Winckler, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Shaulsky, G.; Schleicher, M.; Weinstock, G.; Rosenthal, A.; Cox, E. C.; Chisholm, R. L.; Gibbs, R.; Loomis, W. F.; Platzer, M.; Kay, R. R.; Williams, J.; Dear, P. H.; Noegel, A. A.; Barrell, B.; Kuspa, A.

The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

L. Eichinger, J. A. Pachebat, G. Glöckner, M.-A. Rajandream, R. Sucgang, M. Berriman, J. Song, R. Olsen, K. Szafranski, Q. Xu, B. Tunggal, S. Kummerfeld, M. Madera, B. A. Konfortov, F. Rivero, A. T. Bankier, R. Lehmann, N. Hamlin, R. Davies, P. Gaudet, P. Fey, K. Pilcher, G. Chen, D. Saunders, E. Sodergren, P. Davis, A. Kerhornou, X. Nie, N. Hall, C. Anjard, L. Hemphill, N. Bason, P. Farbrother, B. Desany, E. Just, T. Morio, R. Rost, C. Churcher, J. Cooper, S. Haydock, N. van Driessche, A. Cronin, I. Goodhead, D. Muzny, T. Mourier, A. Pain, M. Lu, D. Harper, R. Lindsay, H. Hauser, K. James, M. Quiles, M. Madan Babu, T. Saito, C. Buchrieser, A. Wardroper, M. Felder, M. Thangavelu, D. Johnson, A. Knights, H. Loulseged, K. Mungall, K. Oliver, C. Price, M. A. Quail, H. Urushihara, J. Hernandez, E. Rabbinowitsch, D. Steffen, M. Sanders, J. Ma, Y. Kohara, S. Sharp, M. Simmonds, S. Spiegler, A. Tivey, S. Sugano, B. White, D. Walker, J. Woodward, T. Winckler, Y. Tanaka, G. Shaulsky, M. Schleicher, G. Weinstock, A. Rosenthal, E. C. Cox, R. L. Chisholm, R. Gibbs, W. F. Loomis, M. Platzer, R. R. Kay, J. Williams, P. H. Dear (), A. A. Noegel, B. Barrell and A. Kuspa
Additional contact information
L. Eichinger: University of Cologne
J. A. Pachebat: University of Cologne
G. Glöckner: Institute for Molecular Biotechnology
M.-A. Rajandream: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
R. Sucgang: Baylor College of Medicine
M. Berriman: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
J. Song: Baylor College of Medicine
R. Olsen: University of California
K. Szafranski: Institute for Molecular Biotechnology
Q. Xu: Baylor College of Medicine
B. Tunggal: University of Cologne
S. Kummerfeld: MRC Centre
M. Madera: MRC Centre
B. A. Konfortov: MRC Centre
F. Rivero: University of Cologne
A. T. Bankier: MRC Centre
R. Lehmann: Institute for Molecular Biotechnology
N. Hamlin: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
R. Davies: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
P. Gaudet: Northwestern University
P. Fey: Northwestern University
K. Pilcher: Northwestern University
G. Chen: Baylor College of Medicine
D. Saunders: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
E. Sodergren: Baylor College of Medicine
P. Davis: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
A. Kerhornou: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
X. Nie: Baylor College of Medicine
N. Hall: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
C. Anjard: University of California
L. Hemphill: Baylor College of Medicine
N. Bason: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
P. Farbrother: University of Cologne
B. Desany: Baylor College of Medicine
E. Just: Northwestern University
T. Morio: University of Tsukuba
R. Rost: Ludwig-Maximilians-University
C. Churcher: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
J. Cooper: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. Haydock: University of Cambridge
N. van Driessche: Baylor College of Medicine
A. Cronin: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
I. Goodhead: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
D. Muzny: Baylor College of Medicine
T. Mourier: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
A. Pain: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
M. Lu: Baylor College of Medicine
D. Harper: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
R. Lindsay: Baylor College of Medicine
H. Hauser: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
K. James: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
M. Quiles: Baylor College of Medicine
M. Madan Babu: MRC Centre
T. Saito: Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
C. Buchrieser: Institut Pasteur
A. Wardroper: MRC Centre
M. Felder: Institute for Molecular Biotechnology
M. Thangavelu: Hutchison/MRC Research Centre
D. Johnson: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
A. Knights: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
H. Loulseged: Baylor College of Medicine
K. Mungall: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
K. Oliver: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
C. Price: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
M. A. Quail: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
H. Urushihara: University of Tsukuba
J. Hernandez: Baylor College of Medicine
E. Rabbinowitsch: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
D. Steffen: Baylor College of Medicine
M. Sanders: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
J. Ma: Baylor College of Medicine
Y. Kohara: National Institute of Genetics
S. Sharp: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
M. Simmonds: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. Spiegler: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
A. Tivey: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
S. Sugano: The University of Tokyo
B. White: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
D. Walker: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
J. Woodward: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
T. Winckler: Universität Frankfurt (Biozentrum)
Y. Tanaka: University of Tsukuba
G. Shaulsky: Baylor College of Medicine
M. Schleicher: Ludwig-Maximilians-University
G. Weinstock: Baylor College of Medicine
A. Rosenthal: Institute for Molecular Biotechnology
E. C. Cox: Princeton University
R. L. Chisholm: Northwestern University
R. Gibbs: Baylor College of Medicine
W. F. Loomis: University of California
M. Platzer: Institute for Molecular Biotechnology
R. R. Kay: MRC Centre
J. Williams: University of Dundee
P. H. Dear: MRC Centre
A. A. Noegel: University of Cologne
B. Barrell: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
A. Kuspa: Baylor College of Medicine

Nature, 2005, vol. 435, issue 7038, 43-57

Abstract: Abstract The social amoebae are exceptional in their ability to alternate between unicellular and multicellular forms. Here we describe the genome of the best-studied member of this group, Dictyostelium discoideum. The gene-dense chromosomes of this organism encode approximately 12,500 predicted proteins, a high proportion of which have long, repetitive amino acid tracts. There are many genes for polyketide synthases and ABC transporters, suggesting an extensive secondary metabolism for producing and exporting small molecules. The genome is rich in complex repeats, one class of which is clustered and may serve as centromeres. Partial copies of the extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) element are found at the ends of each chromosome, suggesting a novel telomere structure and the use of a common mechanism to maintain both the rDNA and chromosomal termini. A proteome-based phylogeny shows that the amoebozoa diverged from the animal–fungal lineage after the plant–animal split, but Dictyostelium seems to have retained more of the diversity of the ancestral genome than have plants, animals or fungi.

Date: 2005
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DOI: 10.1038/nature03481

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