Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND

Araki, T.; Enomoto, S.; Furuno, K.; Gando, Y.; Ichimura, K.; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Kishimoto, Y.; Koga, M.; Koseki, Y.; Maeda, T.; Mitsui, T.; Motoki, M.; Nakajima, K.; Ogawa, H.; Ogawa, M.; Owada, K.; Ricol, J.-S.; Shimizu, I.; Shirai, J.; Suekane, F.; Suzuki, A.; Tada, K.; Takeuchi, S.; Tamae, K.; Tsuda, Y.; Watanabe, H.; Busenitz, J.; Classen, T.; Djurcic, Z.; Keefer, G.; Leonard, D.; Piepke, A.; Yakushev, E.; Berger, B. E.; Chan, Y. D.; Decowski, M. P.; Dwyer, D. A.; Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.; Goldman, J.; Gray, F.; Heeger, K. M.; Hsu, L.; Lesko, K. T.; Luk, K.-B.; Murayama, H.; O'Donnell, T.; Poon, A. W. P.; Steiner, H. M.; Winslow, L. A.; Mauger, C.; McKeown, R. D.; Vogel, P.; Lane, C. E.; Miletic, T.; Guillian, G.; Learned, J. G.; Maricic, J.; Matsuno, S.; Pakvasa, S.; Horton-Smith, G. A.; Dazeley, S.; Hatakeyama, S.; Rojas, A.; Svoboda, R.; Dieterle, B. D.; Detwiler, J.; Gratta, G.; Ishii, K.; Tolich, N.; Uchida, Y.; Batygov, M.; Bugg, W.; Efremenko, Y.; Kamyshkov, Y.; Kozlov, A.; Nakamura, Y.; Karwowski, H. J.; Markoff, D. M.; Nakamura, K.; Rohm, R. M.; Tornow, W.; Wendell, R.; Chen, M.-J.; Wang, Y.-F.; Piquemal, F.

Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND

T. Araki, S. Enomoto (), K. Furuno, Y. Gando, K. Ichimura, H. Ikeda, K. Inoue, Y. Kishimoto, M. Koga, Y. Koseki, T. Maeda, T. Mitsui, M. Motoki, K. Nakajima, H. Ogawa, M. Ogawa, K. Owada, J.-S. Ricol, I. Shimizu, J. Shirai, F. Suekane, A. Suzuki, K. Tada, S. Takeuchi, K. Tamae, Y. Tsuda, H. Watanabe, J. Busenitz, T. Classen, Z. Djurcic, G. Keefer, D. Leonard, A. Piepke, E. Yakushev, B. E. Berger, Y. D. Chan, M. P. Decowski, D. A. Dwyer, S. J. Freedman, B. K. Fujikawa, J. Goldman, F. Gray, K. M. Heeger, L. Hsu, K. T. Lesko, K.-B. Luk, H. Murayama, T. O'Donnell, A. W. P. Poon, H. M. Steiner, L. A. Winslow, C. Mauger, R. D. McKeown, P. Vogel, C. E. Lane, T. Miletic, G. Guillian, J. G. Learned, J. Maricic, S. Matsuno, S. Pakvasa, G. A. Horton-Smith, S. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, A. Rojas, R. Svoboda, B. D. Dieterle, J. Detwiler, G. Gratta, K. Ishii, N. Tolich (), Y. Uchida, M. Batygov, W. Bugg, Y. Efremenko, Y. Kamyshkov, A. Kozlov, Y. Nakamura, H. J. Karwowski, D. M. Markoff, K. Nakamura, R. M. Rohm, W. Tornow, R. Wendell, M.-J. Chen, Y.-F. Wang and F. Piquemal
Additional contact information
T. Araki: Tohoku University
S. Enomoto: Tohoku University
K. Furuno: Tohoku University
Y. Gando: Tohoku University
K. Ichimura: Tohoku University
H. Ikeda: Tohoku University
K. Inoue: Tohoku University
Y. Kishimoto: Tohoku University
M. Koga: Tohoku University
Y. Koseki: Tohoku University
T. Maeda: Tohoku University
T. Mitsui: Tohoku University
M. Motoki: Tohoku University
K. Nakajima: Tohoku University
H. Ogawa: Tohoku University
M. Ogawa: Tohoku University
K. Owada: Tohoku University
J.-S. Ricol: Tohoku University
I. Shimizu: Tohoku University
J. Shirai: Tohoku University
F. Suekane: Tohoku University
A. Suzuki: Tohoku University
K. Tada: Tohoku University
S. Takeuchi: Tohoku University
K. Tamae: Tohoku University
Y. Tsuda: Tohoku University
H. Watanabe: Tohoku University
J. Busenitz: University of Alabama
T. Classen: University of Alabama
Z. Djurcic: University of Alabama
G. Keefer: University of Alabama
D. Leonard: University of Alabama
A. Piepke: University of Alabama
E. Yakushev: University of Alabama
B. E. Berger: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Y. D. Chan: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
M. P. Decowski: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
D. A. Dwyer: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
S. J. Freedman: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
B. K. Fujikawa: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
J. Goldman: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
F. Gray: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
K. M. Heeger: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
L. Hsu: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
K. T. Lesko: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
K.-B. Luk: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
H. Murayama: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
T. O'Donnell: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
A. W. P. Poon: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
H. M. Steiner: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
L. A. Winslow: University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
C. Mauger: California Institute of Technology
R. D. McKeown: California Institute of Technology
P. Vogel: California Institute of Technology
C. E. Lane: Drexel University
T. Miletic: Drexel University
G. Guillian: University of Hawaii at Manoa
J. G. Learned: University of Hawaii at Manoa
J. Maricic: University of Hawaii at Manoa
S. Matsuno: University of Hawaii at Manoa
S. Pakvasa: University of Hawaii at Manoa
G. A. Horton-Smith: Kansas State University
S. Dazeley: Louisiana State University
S. Hatakeyama: Louisiana State University
A. Rojas: Louisiana State University
R. Svoboda: Louisiana State University
B. D. Dieterle: University of New Mexico
J. Detwiler: Stanford University
G. Gratta: Stanford University
K. Ishii: Stanford University
N. Tolich: Stanford University
Y. Uchida: Stanford University
M. Batygov: University of Tennessee
W. Bugg: University of Tennessee
Y. Efremenko: University of Tennessee
Y. Kamyshkov: University of Tennessee
A. Kozlov: University of Tennessee
Y. Nakamura: University of Tennessee
H. J. Karwowski: Duke University
D. M. Markoff: Duke University
K. Nakamura: Duke University
R. M. Rohm: Duke University
W. Tornow: Duke University
R. Wendell: Duke University
M.-J. Chen: Institute of High Energy Physics
Y.-F. Wang: Institute of High Energy Physics
F. Piquemal: IN2P3-CNRS and University Bordeaux I

Nature, 2005, vol. 436, issue 7050, 499-503

Abstract: Abstract The detection of electron antineutrinos produced by natural radioactivity in the Earth could yield important geophysical information. The Kamioka liquid scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND) has the sensitivity to detect electron antineutrinos produced by the decay of 238U and 232Th within the Earth. Earth composition models suggest that the radiogenic power from these isotope decays is 16 TW, approximately half of the total measured heat dissipation rate from the Earth. Here we present results from a search for geoneutrinos with KamLAND. Assuming a Th/U mass concentration ratio of 3.9, the 90 per cent confidence interval for the total number of geoneutrinos detected is 4.5 to 54.2. This result is consistent with the central value of 19 predicted by geophysical models. Although our present data have limited statistical power, they nevertheless provide by direct means an upper limit (60 TW) for the radiogenic power of U and Th in the Earth, a quantity that is currently poorly constrained.

Date: 2005
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DOI: 10.1038/nature03980

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