Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003

Ph. Ciais (), M. Reichstein, N. Viovy, A. Granier, J. Ogée, V. Allard, M. Aubinet, N. Buchmann, Chr. Bernhofer, A. Carrara, F. Chevallier, N. De Noblet, A. D. Friend, P. Friedlingstein, T. Grünwald, B. Heinesch, P. Keronen, A. Knohl, G. Krinner, D. Loustau, G. Manca, G. Matteucci, F. Miglietta, J. M. Ourcival, D. Papale, K. Pilegaard, S. Rambal, G. Seufert, J. F. Soussana, M. J. Sanz, E. D. Schulze, T. Vesala and R. Valentini
Additional contact information
Ph. Ciais: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE
M. Reichstein: University of Tuscia
N. Viovy: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE
A. Granier: Centre de Nancy
J. Ogée: INRA
V. Allard: Grassland Ecosystem Research, INRA
M. Aubinet: Institute of Plant Sciences
N. Buchmann: Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques
Chr. Bernhofer: Technische Universität Dresden
A. Carrara: Parque Tecnologico de Paterna
F. Chevallier: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE
N. De Noblet: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE
A. D. Friend: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE
P. Friedlingstein: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE
T. Grünwald: Technische Universität Dresden
B. Heinesch: Institute of Plant Sciences
P. Keronen: University of Helsinki
A. Knohl: Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
G. Krinner: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement
D. Loustau: INRA
G. Manca: University of Tuscia
G. Matteucci: Joint Research Center European Commission, TP 280
F. Miglietta: IBIMET-CNR
J. M. Ourcival: Dream CEFE-CNRS
D. Papale: University of Tuscia
K. Pilegaard: Risø National Laboratory
S. Rambal: Dream CEFE-CNRS
G. Seufert: Joint Research Center European Commission, TP 280
J. F. Soussana: Grassland Ecosystem Research, INRA
M. J. Sanz: Parque Tecnologico de Paterna
E. D. Schulze: Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
T. Vesala: University of Helsinki
R. Valentini: University of Tuscia

Nature, 2005, vol. 437, issue 7058, 529-533

Abstract: After the heatwave The European heatwave in the summer of 2003 was probably the hottest in the region since AD 1500. Its immediate effects are well documented: the Earth Policy Institute has estimated that it caused at least 35,000 deaths. Now the longer-term effects are beginning to emerge. Based on measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux, radiation absorption by plants, crop yields and a model simulating the terrestrial biosphere, a multinational team of researchers has found that during July and August 2003, 500 million tonnes of carbon escaped from the forests and fields across Europe as a result of extreme heat and drought. The model results and historical data suggest that this dramatic fall in primary productivity is unprecedented during the past century. If the incidence of extreme droughts like this were to increase, temperate ecosystems could become carbon sources with the potential to accelerate global warming, as has been anticipated for the tropics.

Date: 2005
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DOI: 10.1038/nature03972

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