BMP inhibition-driven regulation of six-3 underlies induction of newt lens regeneration

Matthew W. Grogg, Mindy K. Call, Mitsumasa Okamoto, M. Natalia Vergara, Katia Del Rio-Tsonis and Panagiotis A. Tsonis ()
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Matthew W. Grogg: University of Dayton
Mindy K. Call: University of Dayton
Mitsumasa Okamoto: Nagoya University
M. Natalia Vergara: Miami University
Katia Del Rio-Tsonis: Miami University
Panagiotis A. Tsonis: University of Dayton

Nature, 2005, vol. 438, issue 7069, 858-862

Abstract: Abstract Lens regeneration in adult newts is a classic example of how cells can faithfully regenerate a complete organ through the process of transdifferentiation1,2,3,4,5,6. After lens removal, the pigment epithelial cells of the dorsal, but not the ventral, iris dedifferentiate and then differentiate to form a new lens. Understanding how this process is regulated might provide clues about why lens regeneration does not occur in higher vertebrates. The genes six-3 and pax-6 are known to induce ectopic lenses during embryogenesis7,8. Here we tested these genes, as well as members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway that regulate establishment of the dorsal–ventral axis in embryos9, for their ability to induce lens regeneration. We show that the lens can be regenerated from the ventral iris when the BMP pathway is inhibited and when the iris is transfected with six-3 and treated with retinoic acid. In intact irises, six-3 is expressed at higher levels in the ventral than in the dorsal iris. During regeneration, however, only expression in the dorsal iris is significantly increased. Such an increase is seen in ventral irises only when they are induced to transdifferentiate by six-3 and retinoic acid or by BMP inhibitors. These data suggest that lens regeneration can be achieved in noncompetent adult tissues and that this regeneration occurs through a gene regulatory mechanism that is more complex than the dorsal expression of lens regeneration-specific genes.

Date: 2005
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DOI: 10.1038/nature04175

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