A mutation in Orai1 causes immune deficiency by abrogating CRAC channel function

Stefan Feske, Yousang Gwack, Murali Prakriya, Sonal Srikanth, Sven-Holger Puppel, Bogdan Tanasa, Patrick G. Hogan, Richard S. Lewis, Mark Daly and Anjana Rao ()
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Stefan Feske: The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research
Yousang Gwack: The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research
Murali Prakriya: Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Sonal Srikanth: The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research
Sven-Holger Puppel: The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research
Bogdan Tanasa: The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research
Patrick G. Hogan: The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research
Richard S. Lewis: Stanford University School of Medicine
Mark Daly: Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital
Anjana Rao: The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research

Nature, 2006, vol. 441, issue 7090, 179-185

Abstract: Abstract Antigen stimulation of immune cells triggers Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, promoting the immune response to pathogens by activating the transcription factor NFAT. We have previously shown that cells from patients with one form of hereditary severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) syndrome are defective in store-operated Ca2+ entry and CRAC channel function. Here we identify the genetic defect in these patients, using a combination of two unbiased genome-wide approaches: a modified linkage analysis with single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and a Drosophila RNA interference screen designed to identify regulators of store-operated Ca2+ entry and NFAT nuclear import. Both approaches converged on a novel protein that we call Orai1, which contains four putative transmembrane segments. The SCID patients are homozygous for a single missense mutation in ORAI1, and expression of wild-type Orai1 in SCID T cells restores store-operated Ca2+ influx and the CRAC current (ICRAC). We propose that Orai1 is an essential component or regulator of the CRAC channel complex.

Date: 2006
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DOI: 10.1038/nature04702

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