The rapid formation of a large rotating disk galaxy three billion years after the Big Bang

R. Genzel (), L. J. Tacconi, F. Eisenhauer, N. M. Förster Schreiber, A. Cimatti, E. Daddi, N. Bouché, Ryan Davies, M. D. Lehnert, D. Lutz, N. Nesvadba, A. Verma, R. Abuter, K. Shapiro, A. Sternberg, A. Renzini, X. Kong, N. Arimoto and M. Mignoli
Additional contact information
R. Genzel: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
L. J. Tacconi: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
F. Eisenhauer: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
N. M. Förster Schreiber: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
A. Cimatti: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
E. Daddi: National Optical Astronomy Observatory
N. Bouché: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
M. D. Lehnert: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
D. Lutz: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
N. Nesvadba: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
A. Verma: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
R. Abuter: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
K. Shapiro: University of California
A. Sternberg: Tel Aviv University
A. Renzini: Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
X. Kong: University of Science and Technology of China
N. Arimoto: National Astronomical Observatory
M. Mignoli: Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna

Nature, 2006, vol. 442, issue 7104, 786-789

Abstract: An epoch-making galaxy Large ground-based telescopes equipped with the latest near-infrared imaging spectroscopes and adaptive optics are capable of observing events that took place at a crucial period of galaxy formation, about 3 billion years after the Big Bang, when the Universe was only about 20% of its present age. Observations of a high-redshift (z=2.38) star-forming galaxy from this epoch reveal its internal structure. A massive rotating protodisk is channelling gas towards an accreting black hole in a central stellar bulge. Previously the timescales and processes involved in the hierarchical build-up of galaxies were matters of conjecture; now they are the stuff of observation.

Date: 2006
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DOI: 10.1038/nature05052

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