The association of GRB 060218 with a supernova and the evolution of the shock wave

S. Campana (), V. Mangano, A. J. Blustin, P. Brown, D. N. Burrows, G. Chincarini, J. R. Cummings, G. Cusumano, M. Della Valle, D. Malesani, P. Mészáros, J. A. Nousek, M. Page, T. Sakamoto, E. Waxman, B. Zhang, Z. G. Dai, N. Gehrels, S. Immler, F. E. Marshall, K. O. Mason, A. Moretti, P. T. O'Brien, J. P. Osborne, K. L. Page, P. Romano, P. W. A. Roming, G. Tagliaferri, L. R. Cominsky, P. Giommi, O. Godet, J. A. Kennea, H. Krimm, L. Angelini, S. D. Barthelmy, P. T. Boyd, D. M. Palmer, A. A. Wells and N. E. White
Additional contact information
S. Campana: INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
V. Mangano: INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo
A. J. Blustin: UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary
P. Brown: Pennsylvania State University
D. N. Burrows: Pennsylvania State University
G. Chincarini: INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
J. R. Cummings: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
G. Cusumano: INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo
M. Della Valle: INAF—Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
D. Malesani: International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS)
P. Mészáros: Pennsylvania State University
J. A. Nousek: Pennsylvania State University
M. Page: UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary
T. Sakamoto: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
E. Waxman: Weizmann Institute
B. Zhang: University of Nevada
Z. G. Dai: University of Nevada
N. Gehrels: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
S. Immler: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
F. E. Marshall: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
K. O. Mason: PPARC, Polaris House
A. Moretti: INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
P. T. O'Brien: University of Leicester
J. P. Osborne: University of Leicester
K. L. Page: University of Leicester
P. Romano: INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
P. W. A. Roming: Pennsylvania State University
G. Tagliaferri: INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
L. R. Cominsky: Sonoma State University
P. Giommi: ASI Science Data Center
O. Godet: University of Leicester
J. A. Kennea: Pennsylvania State University
H. Krimm: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
L. Angelini: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
S. D. Barthelmy: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
P. T. Boyd: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center
D. M. Palmer: Los Alamos National Laboratory
A. A. Wells: University of Leicester
N. E. White: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center

Nature, 2006, vol. 442, issue 7106, 1008-1010

Abstract: X-Rated Supernova A link between long γ-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established, but whether there is a similar relationship between the weaker and softer X-ray flashes and supernovae is unclear. GRB/XRF 060218, spotted by the Swift satellite on 18 February this year, may supply that missing link. In the first of four papers on this novel burster, Campana et al. report the sighting of the X-ray signature of a shock break-out, possible evidence of a supernova in progress. Pian et al. report the optical discovery of a type Ic supernova 2006aj associated with GRB/XRF 060218. Soderberg et al. report radio and X-ray observations that show that XRF 060218 is 100 times less energetic than, but of a type that is ten times more common than cosmological GRBs. Mazzali et al. modelled the spectra and light curve of SN 2006aj to show that it had a much smaller explosion energy and ejected much less mass than other GRB-supernovae, suggesting that it was produced by a star with a mass was only about 20 times that of the Sun, leaving behind a neutron star, rather than a black hole.

Date: 2006
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DOI: 10.1038/nature04892

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