Crystal structure of a rhomboid family intramembrane protease

Yongcheng Wang, Yingjiu Zhang and Ya Ha ()
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Yongcheng Wang: Yale School of Medicine
Yingjiu Zhang: Yale School of Medicine
Ya Ha: Yale School of Medicine

Nature, 2006, vol. 444, issue 7116, 179-180

Abstract: Abstract Escherichia coli GlpG is an integral membrane protein that belongs to the widespread rhomboid protease family. Rhomboid proteases, like site-2 protease (S2P) and γ-secretase, are unique in that they cleave the transmembrane domain of other membrane proteins. Here we describe the 2.1 Å resolution crystal structure of the GlpG core domain. This structure contains six transmembrane segments. Residues previously shown to be involved in catalysis, including a Ser–His dyad, and several water molecules are found at the protein interior at a depth below the membrane surface. This putative active site is accessible by substrate through a large ‘V-shaped’ opening that faces laterally towards the lipid, but is blocked by a half-submerged loop structure. These observations indicate that, in intramembrane proteolysis, the scission of peptide bonds takes place within the hydrophobic environment of the membrane bilayer. The crystal structure also suggests a gating mechanism for GlpG that controls substrate access to its hydrophilic active site.

Date: 2006
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DOI: 10.1038/nature05255

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