Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA

Richard E. Green (), Johannes Krause, Susan E. Ptak, Adrian W. Briggs, Michael T. Ronan, Jan F. Simons, Lei Du, Michael Egholm, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Maja Paunovic and Svante Pääbo
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Richard E. Green: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Johannes Krause: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Susan E. Ptak: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Adrian W. Briggs: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Michael T. Ronan: 454 Life Sciences
Jan F. Simons: 454 Life Sciences
Lei Du: 454 Life Sciences
Michael Egholm: 454 Life Sciences
Jonathan M. Rothberg: 454 Life Sciences
Maja Paunovic: Institute of Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Svante Pääbo: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Nature, 2006, vol. 444, issue 7117, 330-336

Abstract: Abstract Neanderthals are the extinct hominid group most closely related to contemporary humans, so their genome offers a unique opportunity to identify genetic changes specific to anatomically fully modern humans. We have identified a 38,000-year-old Neanderthal fossil that is exceptionally free of contamination from modern human DNA. Direct high-throughput sequencing of a DNA extract from this fossil has thus far yielded over one million base pairs of hominoid nuclear DNA sequences. Comparison with the human and chimpanzee genomes reveals that modern human and Neanderthal DNA sequences diverged on average about 500,000 years ago. Existing technology and fossil resources are now sufficient to initiate a Neanderthal genome-sequencing effort.

Date: 2006
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DOI: 10.1038/nature05336

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