A giant outburst two years before the core-collapse of a massive star

A. Pastorello (), S. J. Smartt, S. Mattila, J. J. Eldridge, D. Young, K. Itagaki, H. Yamaoka, H. Navasardyan, S. Valenti, F. Patat, I. Agnoletto, T. Augusteijn, S. Benetti, E. Cappellaro, T. Boles, J.-M. Bonnet-Bidaud, M. T. Botticella, F. Bufano, C. Cao, J. Deng, M. Dennefeld, N. Elias-Rosa, A. Harutyunyan, F. P. Keenan, T. Iijima, V. Lorenzi, P. A. Mazzali, X. Meng, S. Nakano, T. B. Nielsen, J. V. Smoker, V. Stanishev, M. Turatto, D. Xu and L. Zampieri
Additional contact information
A. Pastorello: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
S. J. Smartt: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
S. Mattila: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
J. J. Eldridge: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
D. Young: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
K. Itagaki: Itagaki Astronomical Observatory, Teppo-cho, Yamagata 990-2492, Japan
H. Yamaoka: Kyushu University, Fukuoka 810-8560, Japan
H. Navasardyan: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
S. Valenti: European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
F. Patat: European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
I. Agnoletto: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
T. Augusteijn: Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Tenerife, Spain
S. Benetti: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
E. Cappellaro: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
T. Boles: Coddenham Astronomical Observatory, Peel House, Coddenham, Suffolk, IP6 9QY, UK
J.-M. Bonnet-Bidaud: Service d’Astrophysique, DSM/DAPNIA/SAp, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
M. T. Botticella: Università degli Studi di Teramo, Viale Crucioli 122, I-64100 Teramo, Italy
F. Bufano: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
C. Cao: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
J. Deng: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
M. Dennefeld: Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, and Université P. et M. Curie, 98bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
N. Elias-Rosa: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
A. Harutyunyan: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
F. P. Keenan: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
T. Iijima: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Sezione di Asiago, Via dell’Osservatorio 8, I-36012 Asiago (Vicenza), Italy
V. Lorenzi: Fundación Galileo Galilei-INAF, Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Tenerife, Spain
P. A. Mazzali: Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching bei München, Germany
X. Meng: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
S. Nakano: Computing & Minor Planet Section (Center for Astrodynamics) of the Oriental Astronomical Association, Sumoto, Hyogo-Ken, 656-0011, Japan
T. B. Nielsen: Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Tenerife, Spain
J. V. Smoker: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
V. Stanishev: Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
M. Turatto: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
D. Xu: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
L. Zampieri: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy

Nature, 2007, vol. 447, issue 7146, 829-832

Abstract: Dry run for a supernova When a bright optical transient was discovered in galaxy UGC 4904 in October 2004 the signs were that it was big enough and bright enough to be a supernova. Further work suggested that it was not quite on that scale; but almost exactly two years after its discovery it seems to have exploded in a big way. Supernova SN 2006jc is in exactly the same place in the sky as the earlier optical transient. This is the first time that such a double outburst has been observed. One possibility is that the initial transient was an outburst from a Wolf-Rayet star, a very hot massive star losing mass rapidly. Or the system might be a binary containing a luminous blue variable star that erupted in 2004, followed two years later by a companion Wolf-Rayet star exploding as SN 2006jc.

Date: 2007
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DOI: 10.1038/nature05825

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