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The draft genome of the transgenic tropical fruit tree papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus)

Ray Ming, Shaobin Hou, Yun Feng, Qingyi Yu, Alexandre Dionne-Laporte, Jimmy H. Saw, Pavel Senin, Wei Wang, Benjamin V. Ly, Kanako L. T. Lewis, Steven L. Salzberg, Lu Feng, Meghan R. Jones, Rachel L. Skelton, Jan E. Murray, Cuixia Chen, Wubin Qian, Junguo Shen, Peng Du, Moriah Eustice, Eric Tong, Haibao Tang, Eric Lyons, Robert E. Paull, Todd P. Michael, Kerr Wall, Danny W. Rice, Henrik Albert, Ming-Li Wang, Yun J. Zhu, Michael Schatz, Niranjan Nagarajan, Ricelle A. Acob, Peizhu Guan, Andrea Blas, Ching Man Wai, Christine M. Ackerman, Yan Ren, Chao Liu, Jianmei Wang, Jianping Wang, Jong-Kuk Na, Eugene V. Shakirov, Brian Haas, Jyothi Thimmapuram, David Nelson, Xiyin Wang, John E. Bowers, Andrea R. Gschwend, Arthur L. Delcher, Ratnesh Singh, Jon Y. Suzuki, Savarni Tripathi, Kabi Neupane, Hairong Wei, Beth Irikura, Maya Paidi, Ning Jiang, Wenli Zhang, Gernot Presting, Aaron Windsor, Rafael Navajas-Pérez, Manuel J. Torres, F. Alex Feltus, Brad Porter, Yingjun Li, A. Max Burroughs, Ming-Cheng Luo, Lei Liu, David A. Christopher, Stephen M. Mount, Paul H. Moore, Tak Sugimura, Jiming Jiang, Mary A. Schuler, Vikki Friedman, Thomas Mitchell-Olds, Dorothy E. Shippen, Claude W. dePamphilis, Jeffrey D. Palmer, Michael Freeling, Andrew H. Paterson, Dennis Gonsalves, Lei Wang () and Maqsudul Alam ()
Additional contact information
Ray Ming: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Shaobin Hou: Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Yun Feng: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Qingyi Yu: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Alexandre Dionne-Laporte: Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Jimmy H. Saw: Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Pavel Senin: Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Wei Wang: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Benjamin V. Ly: Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Kanako L. T. Lewis: Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Steven L. Salzberg: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
Lu Feng: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Meghan R. Jones: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Rachel L. Skelton: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Jan E. Murray: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Cuixia Chen: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Wubin Qian: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Junguo Shen: Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Peng Du: Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Moriah Eustice: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Eric Tong: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Haibao Tang: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
Eric Lyons: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Robert E. Paull: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Todd P. Michael: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
Kerr Wall: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
Danny W. Rice: Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
Henrik Albert: USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
Ming-Li Wang: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Yun J. Zhu: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Michael Schatz: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
Niranjan Nagarajan: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
Ricelle A. Acob: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Peizhu Guan: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Andrea Blas: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Ching Man Wai: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Christine M. Ackerman: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Yan Ren: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Chao Liu: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Jianmei Wang: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Jianping Wang: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Jong-Kuk Na: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Eugene V. Shakirov: 2128 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
Brian Haas: The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Jyothi Thimmapuram: W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
David Nelson: University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
Xiyin Wang: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
John E. Bowers: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
Andrea R. Gschwend: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Arthur L. Delcher: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
Ratnesh Singh: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Jon Y. Suzuki: USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
Savarni Tripathi: USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
Kabi Neupane: Leeward Community College, University of Hawaii, Pearl City, Hawaii 96782, USA
Hairong Wei: Wicell Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53707, USA
Beth Irikura: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Maya Paidi: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
Ning Jiang: Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
Wenli Zhang: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Gernot Presting: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Aaron Windsor: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
Rafael Navajas-Pérez: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
Manuel J. Torres: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
F. Alex Feltus: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
Brad Porter: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Yingjun Li: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
A. Max Burroughs: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
Ming-Cheng Luo: University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
Lei Liu: W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
David A. Christopher: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Stephen M. Mount: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
Paul H. Moore: USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
Tak Sugimura: Maui High Performance Computing Center, Kihei, Hawaii 96753, USA
Jiming Jiang: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Mary A. Schuler: Biochemistry and Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
Vikki Friedman: Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, California 94404, USA
Thomas Mitchell-Olds: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
Dorothy E. Shippen: 2128 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
Claude W. dePamphilis: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
Jeffrey D. Palmer: Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
Michael Freeling: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Andrew H. Paterson: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
Dennis Gonsalves: USDA-ARS, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
Lei Wang: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
Maqsudul Alam: Advanced Studies in Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA

Nature, 2008, vol. 452, issue 7190, 991-996

Abstract: A transgenic crop genome In the early 1990s an outbreak of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in the papaya groves in the Puna district of Hawaii caused severe damage to an important crop. Since then, the planting of two transgenic cultivars resistant to the virus — called 'SunUp' and 'Rainbow' — has helped to maintain yields. SunUp is a transgenic red-fleshed fruit that expresses the coat protein gene of a mild mutant of PRSV, conferring resistance via post-transcriptional gene silencing. Rainbow is a yellow-fleshed (and therefore more popular) F1 hybrid bred from SunUp. Now the draft genome sequence of the SunUp strain of papaya has been determined — a first for a commercial virus-resistant transgenic fruit tree. Comparison of this plant genome to those of Arabidopsis and others sheds light on the evolution of qualities such as biosynthesis, starch deposition, control of photosynthesis and pathways for creating the volatile compounds that contribute to the characteristic flavour of papaya. On the cover, the disease-free transgenic Rainbow and the severely infected, stunted and dying non-transgenic Sunrise grow in adjoining plots.

Date: 2008
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DOI: 10.1038/nature06856

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