The Trichoplax genome and the nature of placozoans

Mansi Srivastava (), Emina Begovic, Jarrod Chapman, Nicholas H. Putnam, Uffe Hellsten, Takeshi Kawashima, Alan Kuo, Therese Mitros, Asaf Salamov, Meredith L. Carpenter, Ana Y. Signorovitch, Maria A. Moreno, Kai Kamm, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Harris Shapiro, Igor V. Grigoriev, Leo W. Buss, Bernd Schierwater, Stephen L. Dellaporta and Daniel S. Rokhsar ()
Additional contact information
Mansi Srivastava: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Emina Begovic: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Jarrod Chapman: Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Nicholas H. Putnam: Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Uffe Hellsten: Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Takeshi Kawashima: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Alan Kuo: Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Therese Mitros: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Asaf Salamov: Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Meredith L. Carpenter: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Ana Y. Signorovitch: Cellular, and Developmental Biology
Maria A. Moreno: Cellular, and Developmental Biology
Kai Kamm: Institut für Tierökologie und Zellbiologie, Stiftung Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
Jane Grimwood: Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA
Jeremy Schmutz: Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA
Harris Shapiro: Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Igor V. Grigoriev: Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
Leo W. Buss: and
Bernd Schierwater: Cellular, and Developmental Biology
Stephen L. Dellaporta: Cellular, and Developmental Biology
Daniel S. Rokhsar: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Nature, 2008, vol. 454, issue 7207, 955-960

Abstract: Abstract As arguably the simplest free-living animals, placozoans may represent a primitive metazoan form, yet their biology is poorly understood. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of the ∼98 million base pair nuclear genome of the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis suggests that placozoans belong to a ‘eumetazoan’ clade that includes cnidarians and bilaterians, with sponges as the earliest diverging animals. The compact genome shows conserved gene content, gene structure and synteny in relation to the human and other complex eumetazoan genomes. Despite the apparent cellular and organismal simplicity of Trichoplax, its genome encodes a rich array of transcription factor and signalling pathway genes that are typically associated with diverse cell types and developmental processes in eumetazoans, motivating further searches for cryptic cellular complexity and/or as yet unobserved life history stages.

Date: 2008
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DOI: 10.1038/nature07191

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