Broadband observations of the naked-eye γ-ray burst GRB 080319B

Racusin, J. L.; Karpov, S. V.; Sokolowski, M.; Granot, J.; Wu, X. F.; Pal’shin, V.; Covino, S.; van der Horst, A. J.; Oates, S. R.; Schady, P.; Smith, R. J.; Cummings, J.; Starling, R. L. C.; Piotrowski, L. W.; Zhang, B.; Evans, P. A.; Holland, S. T.; Malek, K.; Page, M. T.; Vetere, L.; Margutti, R.; Guidorzi, C.; Kamble, A. P.; Curran, P. A.; Beardmore, A.; Kouveliotou, C.; Mankiewicz, L.; Melandri, A.; O’Brien, P. T.; Page, K. L.; Piran, T.; Tanvir, N. R.; Wrochna, G.; Aptekar, R. L.; Barthelmy, S.; Bartolini, C.; Beskin, G. M.; Bondar, S.; Bremer, M.; Campana, S.; Castro-Tirado, A.; Cucchiara, A.; Cwiok, M.; D’Avanzo, P.; D’Elia, V.; Valle, M. Della; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Dominik, W.; Falcone, A.; Fiore, F.; Fox, D. B.; Frederiks, D. D.; Fruchter, A. S.; Fugazza, D.; Garrett, M. A.; Gehrels, N.; Golenetskii, S.; Gomboc, A.; Gorosabel, J.; Greco, G.; Guarnieri, A.; Immler, S.; Jelinek, M.; Kasprowicz, G.; Parola, V. La; Levan, A. J.; Mangano, V.; Mazets, E. P.; Molinari, E.; Moretti, A.; Nawrocki, K.; Oleynik, P. P.; Osborne, J. P.; Pagani, C.; Pandey, S. B.; Paragi, Z.; Perri, M.; Piccioni, A.; Ramirez-Ruiz, E.; Roming, P. W. A.; Steele, I. A.; Strom, R. G.; Testa, V.; Tosti, G.; Ulanov, M. V.; Wiersema, K.; Wijers, R. A. M. J.; Winters, J. M.; Zarnecki, A. F.; Zerbi, F.; Mészáros, P.; Chincarini, G.; Burrows, D. N.

Broadband observations of the naked-eye γ-ray burst GRB 080319B

J. L. Racusin (), S. V. Karpov, M. Sokolowski, J. Granot, X. F. Wu, V. Pal’shin, S. Covino, A. J. van der Horst, S. R. Oates, P. Schady, R. J. Smith, J. Cummings, R. L. C. Starling, L. W. Piotrowski, B. Zhang, P. A. Evans, S. T. Holland, K. Malek, M. T. Page, L. Vetere, R. Margutti, C. Guidorzi, A. P. Kamble, P. A. Curran, A. Beardmore, C. Kouveliotou, L. Mankiewicz, A. Melandri, P. T. O’Brien, K. L. Page, T. Piran, N. R. Tanvir, G. Wrochna, R. L. Aptekar, S. Barthelmy, C. Bartolini, G. M. Beskin, S. Bondar, M. Bremer, S. Campana, A. Castro-Tirado, A. Cucchiara, M. Cwiok, P. D’Avanzo, V. D’Elia, M. Della Valle, A. de Ugarte Postigo, W. Dominik, A. Falcone, F. Fiore, D. B. Fox, D. D. Frederiks, A. S. Fruchter, D. Fugazza, M. A. Garrett, N. Gehrels, S. Golenetskii, A. Gomboc, J. Gorosabel, G. Greco, A. Guarnieri, S. Immler, M. Jelinek, G. Kasprowicz, V. La Parola, A. J. Levan, V. Mangano, E. P. Mazets, E. Molinari, A. Moretti, K. Nawrocki, P. P. Oleynik, J. P. Osborne, C. Pagani, S. B. Pandey, Z. Paragi, M. Perri, A. Piccioni, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, P. W. A. Roming, I. A. Steele, R. G. Strom, V. Testa, G. Tosti, M. V. Ulanov, K. Wiersema, R. A. M. J. Wijers, J. M. Winters, A. F. Zarnecki, F. Zerbi, P. Mészáros, G. Chincarini and D. N. Burrows
Additional contact information
J. L. Racusin: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
S. V. Karpov: Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskij region, Karachai-Cirkassian Republic, Russia 369167
M. Sokolowski: Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies
J. Granot: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
X. F. Wu: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
V. Pal’shin: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics
S. Covino: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
A. J. van der Horst: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805, USA
S. R. Oates: The UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St Mary, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
P. Schady: The UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St Mary, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
R. J. Smith: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK
J. Cummings: Code 661, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
R. L. C. Starling: University of Leicester
L. W. Piotrowski: Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
B. Zhang: University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
P. A. Evans: University of Leicester
S. T. Holland: Code 660.1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
K. Malek: Center for Theoretical Physics PAS, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
M. T. Page: The UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St Mary, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
L. Vetere: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
R. Margutti: Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
C. Guidorzi: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
A. P. Kamble: Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
P. A. Curran: Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A. Beardmore: University of Leicester
C. Kouveliotou: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, VP62, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805, USA
L. Mankiewicz: Center for Theoretical Physics PAS, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
A. Melandri: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK
P. T. O’Brien: University of Leicester
K. L. Page: University of Leicester
T. Piran: Racah Institute for Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
N. R. Tanvir: University of Leicester
G. Wrochna: Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies
R. L. Aptekar: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics
S. Barthelmy: Code 661, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
C. Bartolini: Universitá di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
G. M. Beskin: Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskij region, Karachai-Cirkassian Republic, Russia 369167
S. Bondar: Institute for Precise Instrumentation
M. Bremer: Institute de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
S. Campana: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
A. Castro-Tirado: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), PO Box 03004, 18080 Granada, Spain
A. Cucchiara: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
M. Cwiok: Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
P. D’Avanzo: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
V. D’Elia: INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
M. Della Valle: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
A. de Ugarte Postigo: European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
W. Dominik: Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
A. Falcone: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
F. Fiore: INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
D. B. Fox: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
D. D. Frederiks: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics
A. S. Fruchter: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
D. Fugazza: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
M. A. Garrett: Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
N. Gehrels: Code 661, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
S. Golenetskii: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics
A. Gomboc: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
J. Gorosabel: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), PO Box 03004, 18080 Granada, Spain
G. Greco: Universitá di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
A. Guarnieri: Universitá di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
S. Immler: Code 660.1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
M. Jelinek: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), PO Box 03004, 18080 Granada, Spain
G. Kasprowicz: Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
V. La Parola: INAF – IASF PA, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
A. J. Levan: University of Warwick
V. Mangano: INAF – IASF PA, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
E. P. Mazets: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics
E. Molinari: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
A. Moretti: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
K. Nawrocki: Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies
P. P. Oleynik: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics
J. P. Osborne: University of Leicester
C. Pagani: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
S. B. Pandey: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational-Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, NainiTal, Uttarakhand 263129, India
Z. Paragi: Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE), Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
M. Perri: ASI Science Data Center, c/o ESRIN, via G. Galilei, 00044 Frascati, Italy
A. Piccioni: Universitá di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
E. Ramirez-Ruiz: University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
P. W. A. Roming: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
I. A. Steele: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK
R. G. Strom: Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
V. Testa: INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
G. Tosti: University of Perugia, Piazza dell’Università 1, 06100 Perugia, Italy
M. V. Ulanov: Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Laboratory for Experimental Astrophysics
K. Wiersema: University of Leicester
R. A. M. J. Wijers: Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. M. Winters: Institute de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
A. F. Zarnecki: Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
F. Zerbi: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
P. Mészáros: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
G. Chincarini: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
D. N. Burrows: 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA

Nature, 2008, vol. 455, issue 7210, 183-188

Abstract: Abstract Long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) release copious amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and so provide a window into the process of black hole formation from the collapse of massive stars. Previous early optical observations of even the most exceptional GRBs (990123 and 030329) lacked both the temporal resolution to probe the optical flash in detail and the accuracy needed to trace the transition from the prompt emission within the outflow to external shocks caused by interaction with the progenitor environment. Here we report observations of the extraordinarily bright prompt optical and γ-ray emission of GRB 080319B that provide diagnostics within seconds of its formation, followed by broadband observations of the afterglow decay that continued for weeks. We show that the prompt emission stems from a single physical region, implying an extremely relativistic outflow that propagates within the narrow inner core of a two-component jet.

Date: 2008
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