Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index

Jason Valentine, Shuang Zhang, Thomas Zentgraf, Erick Ulin-Avila, Dentcho A. Genov, Guy Bartal and Xiang Zhang ()
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Jason Valentine: NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Shuang Zhang: NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Thomas Zentgraf: NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Erick Ulin-Avila: NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Dentcho A. Genov: NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Guy Bartal: NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Xiang Zhang: NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

Nature, 2008, vol. 455, issue 7211, 376-379

Abstract: Metamaterials: a glimpse of invisibility Metamaterials are artificially engineered structures that can have properties, such as negative refractive index, not attainable with naturally occurring materials. The first demonstrations of negative refractive index metamaterials (NIMs) were at microwave frequencies, but a wide range of applications, for example in imaging and directional light sources, would open up if optical NIMs were available. So far, only thin, effectively two-dimensional optical metamaterials have been demonstrated, limiting device applications. Valentine et al. now report a three-dimensionally optical metamaterial, a multilayered, cascaded 'fishnet' structure, which unambiguously exhibits negative refractive index over a broad spectral range. A prism constructed with this material demonstrates negative refraction of visible light, and is easily probed from free space, paving the way for practical optical device applications. One day perhaps even the 'invisibility cloak' much touted in the media when this paper was published AOP.

Date: 2008
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DOI: 10.1038/nature07247

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