RETRACTED ARTICLE: APP binds DR6 to trigger axon pruning and neuron death via distinct caspases

Anatoly Nikolaev, Todd McLaughlin, Dennis D. M. O’Leary and Marc Tessier-Lavigne ()
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Anatoly Nikolaev: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
Todd McLaughlin: Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
Dennis D. M. O’Leary: Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
Marc Tessier-Lavigne: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA

Nature, 2009, vol. 457, issue 7232, 981-989

Abstract: Abstract Naturally occurring axonal pruning and neuronal cell death help to sculpt neuronal connections during development, but their mechanistic basis remains poorly understood. Here we report that β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and death receptor 6 (DR6, also known as TNFRSF21) activate a widespread caspase-dependent self-destruction program. DR6 is broadly expressed by developing neurons, and is required for normal cell body death and axonal pruning both in vivo and after trophic-factor deprivation in vitro. Unlike neuronal cell body apoptosis, which requires caspase 3, we show that axonal degeneration requires caspase 6, which is activated in a punctate pattern that parallels the pattern of axonal fragmentation. DR6 is activated locally by an inactive surface ligand(s) that is released in an active form after trophic-factor deprivation, and we identify APP as a DR6 ligand. Trophic-factor deprivation triggers the shedding of surface APP in a β-secretase (BACE)-dependent manner. Loss- and gain-of-function studies support a model in which a cleaved amino-terminal fragment of APP (N-APP) binds DR6 and triggers degeneration. Genetic support is provided by a common neuromuscular junction phenotype in mutant mice. Our results indicate that APP and DR6 are components of a neuronal self-destruction pathway, and suggest that an extracellular fragment of APP, acting via DR6 and caspase 6, contributes to Alzheimer’s disease.

Date: 2009
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DOI: 10.1038/nature07767

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