Molecular basis of transport and regulation in the Na+/betaine symporter BetP

Susanne Ressl, Anke C. Terwisscha van Scheltinga, Clemens Vonrhein, Vera Ott and Christine Ziegler ()
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Susanne Ressl: Max Planck Institute of Biophysics
Anke C. Terwisscha van Scheltinga: Max Planck Institute of Biophysics
Clemens Vonrhein: Global Phasing Ltd, Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, UK
Vera Ott: Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln
Christine Ziegler: Max Planck Institute of Biophysics

Nature, 2009, vol. 458, issue 7234, 47-52

Abstract: Abstract Osmoregulated transporters sense intracellular osmotic pressure and respond to hyperosmotic stress by accumulation of osmolytes to restore normal hydration levels. Here we report the determination of the X-ray structure of a member of the family of betaine/choline/carnitine transporters, the Na+-coupled symporter BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is a highly effective osmoregulated uptake system for glycine betaine. Glycine betaine is bound in a tryptophan box occluded from both sides of the membrane with aromatic side chains lining the transport pathway. BetP has the same overall fold as three unrelated Na+-coupled symporters. Whereas these are crystallized in either the outward-facing or the inward-facing conformation, the BetP structure reveals a unique intermediate conformation in the Na+-coupled transport cycle. The trimeric architecture of BetP and the break in three-fold symmetry by the osmosensing C-terminal helices suggest a regulatory mechanism of Na+-coupled osmolyte transport to counteract osmotic stress.

Date: 2009
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DOI: 10.1038/nature07819

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