A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope

S. Valenti (), A. Pastorello, E. Cappellaro, S. Benetti, P. A. Mazzali, J. Manteca, S. Taubenberger, N. Elias-Rosa, R. Ferrando, A. Harutyunyan, V. P. Hentunen, M. Nissinen, E. Pian, M. Turatto, L. Zampieri and S. J. Smartt
Additional contact information
S. Valenti: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast
A. Pastorello: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast
E. Cappellaro: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
S. Benetti: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
P. A. Mazzali: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
J. Manteca: Begues Observatory, Santpere 6 Casa 22, 08859 Begues, Barcelona, Spain
S. Taubenberger: Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, D-85741 Garching bei München, Germany
N. Elias-Rosa: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
R. Ferrando: Calle de la Guardia Civil 22
A. Harutyunyan: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
V. P. Hentunen: Taurus Hill Observatory, Härcämäentie 88, 79480 Kangaslampi, Finland
M. Nissinen: Taurus Hill Observatory, Härcämäentie 88, 79480 Kangaslampi, Finland
E. Pian: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
M. Turatto: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Catania, 78 Via S. Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy
L. Zampieri: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
S. J. Smartt: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast

Nature, 2009, vol. 459, issue 7247, 674-677

Abstract: A supernova with a past Theory suggests that stars with initial masses greater than 25–30 times that of the Sun end their stellar lives as Wolf–Rayet stars, becoming hydrogen-deficient by rapidly losing mass through strong stellar winds. Any subsequent supernova explosion should produce ejecta of low kinetic energy and faint optical luminosity, with a small mass fraction of radioactive nickel. Until now no core-collapse supernovae fitting this description have been detected. But SN 2008ha, discovered on 7 November 2008, appears to fit the bill. A detailed photometric and spectroscopic study shows SN 2008ha to be the faintest and lowest-luminosity hydrogen-deficient supernova known. This discovery raises the possibility that other similar events have been observed previously — SN 2002cx is one candidate — but were classified as 'peculiar thermonuclear supernovae'.

Date: 2009
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08023

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