The genome of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Matthew Berriman (), Brian J. Haas, Philip T. LoVerde, R. Alan Wilson, Gary P. Dillon, Gustavo C. Cerqueira, Susan T. Mashiyama, Bissan Al-Lazikani, Luiza F. Andrade, Peter D. Ashton, Martin A. Aslett, Daniella C. Bartholomeu, Gaelle Blandin, Conor R. Caffrey, Avril Coghlan, Richard Coulson, Tim A. Day, Art Delcher, Ricardo DeMarco, Appolinaire Djikeng, Tina Eyre, John A. Gamble, Elodie Ghedin, Yong Gu, Christiane Hertz-Fowler, Hirohisha Hirai, Yuriko Hirai, Robin Houston, Alasdair Ivens, David A. Johnston, Daniela Lacerda, Camila D. Macedo, Paul McVeigh, Zemin Ning, Guilherme Oliveira, John P. Overington, Julian Parkhill, Mihaela Pertea, Raymond J. Pierce, Anna V. Protasio, Michael A. Quail, Marie-Adèle Rajandream, Jane Rogers, Mohammed Sajid, Steven L. Salzberg, Mario Stanke, Adrian R. Tivey, Owen White, David L. Williams, Jennifer Wortman, Wenjie Wu, Mostafa Zamanian, Adhemar Zerlotini, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Barclay G. Barrell and Najib M. El-Sayed ()
Additional contact information
Matthew Berriman: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Brian J. Haas: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Philip T. LoVerde: Mail Code 7760, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
R. Alan Wilson: University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK
Gary P. Dillon: University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK
Gustavo C. Cerqueira: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics,
Susan T. Mashiyama: Sandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases,
Bissan Al-Lazikani: Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
Luiza F. Andrade: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou (CPqRR)—FIOCRUZ, Av Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190002, Brazil
Peter D. Ashton: Mail Code 7760, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
Martin A. Aslett: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Daniella C. Bartholomeu: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Gaelle Blandin: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Conor R. Caffrey: Sandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases,
Avril Coghlan: University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
Richard Coulson: European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
Tim A. Day: Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
Art Delcher: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and,
Ricardo DeMarco: University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK
Appolinaire Djikeng: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Tina Eyre: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
John A. Gamble: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Elodie Ghedin: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Yong Gu: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Christiane Hertz-Fowler: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Hirohisha Hirai: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484–8506, Japan
Yuriko Hirai: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484–8506, Japan
Robin Houston: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Alasdair Ivens: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
David A. Johnston: The Natural History Museum
Daniela Lacerda: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Camila D. Macedo: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics,
Paul McVeigh: Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
Zemin Ning: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Guilherme Oliveira: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou (CPqRR)—FIOCRUZ, Av Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190002, Brazil
John P. Overington: European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
Julian Parkhill: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Mihaela Pertea: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and,
Raymond J. Pierce: Inserm, U 547, Université Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR 142, Lille, France
Anna V. Protasio: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Michael A. Quail: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Marie-Adèle Rajandream: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Jane Rogers: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Mohammed Sajid: Sandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases,
Steven L. Salzberg: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and,
Mario Stanke: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
Adrian R. Tivey: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Owen White: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
David L. Williams: Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4120, USA
Jennifer Wortman: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Wenjie Wu: Mail Code 7760, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
Mostafa Zamanian: Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
Adhemar Zerlotini: Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
Claire M. Fraser-Liggett: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
Barclay G. Barrell: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,
Najib M. El-Sayed: The Institute for Genomic Research/The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA

Nature, 2009, vol. 460, issue 7253, 352-358

Abstract: Abstract Schistosoma mansoni is responsible for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis that affects 210 million people in 76 countries. Here we present analysis of the 363 megabase nuclear genome of the blood fluke. It encodes at least 11,809 genes, with an unusual intron size distribution, and new families of micro-exon genes that undergo frequent alternative splicing. As the first sequenced flatworm, and a representative of the Lophotrochozoa, it offers insights into early events in the evolution of the animals, including the development of a body pattern with bilateral symmetry, and the development of tissues into organs. Our analysis has been informed by the need to find new drug targets. The deficits in lipid metabolism that make schistosomes dependent on the host are revealed, and the identification of membrane receptors, ion channels and more than 300 proteases provide new insights into the biology of the life cycle and new targets. Bioinformatics approaches have identified metabolic chokepoints, and a chemogenomic screen has pinpointed schistosome proteins for which existing drugs may be active. The information generated provides an invaluable resource for the research community to develop much needed new control tools for the treatment and eradication of this important and neglected disease.

Date: 2009
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08160

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