Structural basis for translational fidelity ensured by transfer RNA lysidine synthetase

Kotaro Nakanishi, Luc Bonnefond, Satoshi Kimura, Tsutomu Suzuki, Ryuichiro Ishitani and Osamu Nureki ()
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Kotaro Nakanishi: Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-8501, Japan
Luc Bonnefond: Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Satoshi Kimura: Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Tsutomu Suzuki: Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Ryuichiro Ishitani: Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Osamu Nureki: Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-8501, Japan

Nature, 2009, vol. 461, issue 7267, 1144-1148

Abstract: Translational fidelity Transfer RNAs are transcribed as precursor molecules which are then shortened, have a short sequence added, and can undergo recoding of certain nucleotides to generate a different amino acid specificity. In this work, Nakanishi et al. show how the bacterial enzyme TilS uniquely recognizes a precursor tRNA that has a specificity for methionine and then introduces a lysidine-for-cytidine modification in the anticodon that results in the mature tRNA coding for isoleucine. They find that by acting upon the precursor tRNA, TilS thereby prevents charging of the tRNA by the methionyl-tRNA synthetase, which only acts on a mature tRNA. This mechanism contributes to the vital goal of maintaining the fidelity of isoleucine codon translation in bacteria.

Date: 2009
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DOI: 10.1038/nature08474

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